OCR GCSE History- Living under Nazi Rule

Number of unemployed Germans in 1933

6 million

Date the Enabling Act was passed

24th March 1933

Date Hitler became Chancellor

30th January 1933

Date of the Reichstag fire

27th February 1933

Who was the original leader of the German Worker's Party?

Anton Drecksler

What did Hitler change the German Worker's Party to in 1920?

The National Socialist German Worker's Party

Role of Hermann Göring

Leader of SA, head of the luftwaffe and the gestapo

Role of Rudolf Hess

Signed off new legislation, making sure it fit Nazi ideology

Role of Heinrich Himmler

Ran the SS and terror

Role of the SS

To control the police and camps

How many soldiers were in the SS?

230,000

Role of Ernst Röhm

Helped set up and lead the SA

Role of the SA

To intimidate political opponents and protect the Nazis

How many soldiers were in the SA?

400,000

What did the SS stand for?

Schutzstaffel (protection squad)

What did the Gestapo do?

Arrested people and sent them to concentration camps without trial

Role of Josef Goebbels

Ran media and propaganda

Übermenschen

Supreme Aryan race

Untermenschen

an inferior person (often Jewish)

Nazi attitude to central government

Should be strengthened

Nazi attitude to communism

Should be stopped

Nazi attitude to the treaty of Versailles

Should be ignored

Who was found inside the Reichstag fire?

Marianus Van der Lubbe

What did the Enabling Act do?

Gave Hitler the power to change the constitution and pass laws without the approval of the Reichstag.

Gleichschaltung

Bringing Germany into line

Why could van der Lubbe have been acting as part of a communist plot?

He had communist pamphets in his pockets / Nazi officials blamed the fire on Communists

How many 'un-german' books were burned on one day?

25,000

When were 25,000 'un-german' books burned?

10th May 1933

How many people had been arrested by October 1933?

100,000

What caused the Köpenick week of blood?

A social democrat shot 3 SA stormtroopers

What happened in the Köpenick week of blood?

The SA arrested 500 men and tortured them so badly that 91 died

What happened to Jewish businesses in 1933?

People were encouraged to boycott them

Where was the enabling Act passed?

The Kroll Opera house

What freedoms did the Reichstag Fire Decree remove?

Association, speech, press and communication

Who led the Gestapo?

Reinhard Heydrich

How was the Gestapo so powerful?

It had a network of informants

What proportion of German films were state-funded?

2/3

How many seats were in the 1936 Berlin Olympic stadium?

100,000

How many swastika flags were at the 1934 Nuremburg Rally?

30,000

What percentage of Germans had a radio in 1939?

70%

What proportion of German newspapers were owned by the Nazis?

2/3

What was the Nazi Party's newspaper called?

der Stürmer

When did Hindenburg die?

2nd August 1934

What was special about 'people's recievers'?

They were cheap and had limited ranges so they couldn't pick up foreign stations

What did Germany do in the 1936 olympics to appear more acceptable?

Removed some anti-semitic posters

What did Hugenberg's newspapers do?

Spread Nazi messages

Why was Hitler appealing?

He was a strong personality and public speaker

How many communists were arrested after the Reichstag fire?

4,000

What did the emergency decree do?

Suspended the Weimar constitution

When were other political parties banned?

14th July 1933

What were workers forced to join?

The German Labour Front (DAF)

What happened to trade union leaders in May 1933?

They were arrested and sent to concentration camps

What percentage of the German population vote for the Nazis in March 1933?

44%

Deutsch Arbeitsfront

German labour front

Date of the Night of the Long Knives

30th June 1934

How many SA members were killed on the Night of the Long Knives?

400

Why did the SA threaten Hitler's power?

They wanted to take over the German Army

How big was the German army in 1933?

100,000

What did Hitler call his regime?

The Third Reich

How long did Hitler believe the Third Reich would last?

1,000 years

What were provinces in Germany called?

Gaue

What did all judges have to do?

Rule in the Nazis favour

What did all judges have to join?

the National Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law

What did the Nazis get rid of in the legal system?

Trials by jury

Who set up the Gestapo?

Goering

How many members did the Gestapo have?

50,000

Why did Hitler prefer the SS to the SA?

They were highly trained and very disciplined

Einsatzgruppen

SS killing units that sought out and killed Jews

What happened in concentration camps?

Hard labour and ill-treatment

What did Nazis originally use concentration camps for?

To house Nazi opponents

Official title of Goebbels

Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda

What did cinemas have to show before entertainment films?

Propaganda films

Why was opposition from the Left so weak?

There was little cooperation between political parties

How many Germans were protestant?

45 million

Who led the Reich Church?

Ludwig Müller

How many protestant churches were part of the Reich church?

2,000

What did the Reich church stop doing?

Preaching from the old testament (it was associated with Jews)

What saying from the Reich church shows unity between Nazis and the Church?

The Swastika on our chest and the Cross in our hearts

Who was Dietrich Bonhoeffer?

a pastor in the Confessional Church

why was Dietrich Bonhoeffer executed?

He was linked to an attempted assassination of Hitler

What did Von Galen do?

He made Hitler stop the euthanasia of the mentally disabled in 1941

How many protestant pastors were sent to concentration camps?

800

How many Catholic priests were sent to Dachau?

400

Who led the Protestant pastors sent to concentration camps?

Martin Niemoller

What was different about youth opposition?

It was cultural, not political

How many Edelweiss Pirates were there in 1939?

2,000

Where were the Edelweiss Pirates from?

the Rhineland

What did the Edelweiss Pirates do?

Attacked the Hitler youth, wore American clothes, made graffiti

What class were the Edelweiss Pirates from?

Working class

What class were the Swing kids from?

Middle/ upper class

What did the Swing Kids do?

Organised dances and embraced 'degenerate' American culture

How many Edelweiss Pirates were hung in Cologne in 1944?

12

How many Edelweiss Pirates were arrested in 1942?

700

How many km of autobahns were built under the Nazis?

7,000

What did the national labour service do?

Created jobs for young men and reduced unemployment

What did Strength through Joy do?

gave hard workers rewards

What did the Beauty of Labour scheme plan to do?

Improve working conditions

What did Hitler claim unemployment had fallen to in 1939?

0.3 million

What didn't Hitler's unemployment figures account for?

Jews, women and conscripted men

How much of Germany's food was imported by world war two?

20%