Applied Science I, IDT 103 Module Objectives

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from the Applied Science I, IDT 103 lecture notes.

S.I units

Standard units of measurement as defined by the International System of Units.

Atoms

The smallest particles of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Protons

Positively charged sub-particles of an atom located in the nucleus.

Neutrons

Neutral sub-particles of an atom found in the nucleus.

Electrons

Negatively charged sub-particles of an atom, found in surrounding orbitals.

Ions

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive (cation) or negative (anion) charge.

Isotope

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Element

A pure substance consisting only of atoms that all have the same number of protons.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms that form the smallest identifiable unit of a pure substance.

Periodic Table

An arrangement of elements in increasing order of atomic number, grouped by similar properties.

Chemical Compound

A substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one element.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent.

Primary Bonds

Strong bonds formed by the transfer or sharing of electrons, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.

Secondary Bonds

Weaker inter-molecular bonds, including hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.

Ionic Bonding

Chemical bond formed by the attraction of positive and negative ions.

Covalent Bonding

A bond formed when atoms share electron pairs.

Metallic Bonding

A type of bonding that arises from the attraction between conduction electrons and positively charged metal ions.

Ferrous Metals

Metals that contain iron and are magnetic.

Non-Ferrous Metals

Metals that do not contain significant amounts of iron and have desirable properties.

Corrosion

The degradation of metal caused by chemical reactions with the environment.

Polymer Chemistry

The study of polymers, their structures, and the chemical processes that link monomers to form polymers.

Aliphatic Compounds

Composed of straight-chained, branched, or cyclic compounds; can be saturated or unsaturated.

Aromatic Compounds

Compounds that contain one or more benzene rings and exhibit special stability due to their structure.

Thermosetting Plastics

Plastics that, once set, cannot be remelted or reshaped.

Thermoplastics

Plastics that can be reheated and reshaped multiple times.

Vacuoles

Fluid-filled cellular organelles that have different functions in plant and animal cells.

Nucleus

The cellular organelle that contains genetic material and controls cellular activities.