Health Information Retrieval and Informatics Exam 1

PSTG: AHFS Drug Information (Lexicomp Online)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: ClinicalKey (HLHS)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: DailyMed

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Drugs@FDA

Tertiary resource

PSTG: DynaMed Plus (HLHS)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Essential Evidence Plus (STAT!Ref)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Lexi-Drugs (Lexicomp Online)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (HLHS)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Orange Book (FDA)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Package Insert (from product package)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: PubChem (NLM)

Tertiary resource

PSTG: PubMed/MEDLINE

Secondary resource

PSTG: Embase

Secondary resource

PSTG: CINAHL

Secondary resource

PSTG: Scopus

Secondary resource

PSTG: Web of Science

Secondary resource

Find Drug Facts and Comparisons

eAnswers/Drug Facts and Comparisons index

Find Facts and Comparisons A to Z Drugs

eAnswers/Drug Facts and Comparisons index

Primary literature

Consists of clinical research studies and reports, both published and unpublished

Not all literature published in a journal is classified as this, for example, review articles or editorials are not this

Secondary literature

Various systems index or abstract literature from different journals, meetings, or publications...in order to perform a comprehensive search, multiple databases must be used

Tertiary literature

Provides information that has been summarized and distilled by the author or editor to provide a quick easy summary of a topic

Considered established knowledge or standard of practice. These references may often serve as an initial place to identify information, due to the fact that they provide a fairly complete and concise overview of information available on a specific topic.

PSTG: SciFinder

Secondary resource

IPSTG: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts

Secondary resource

PSTG: Controlled trials

Primary resource

PSTG: Cohort studies

Primary resource

PSTG: Case series

Primary resource

PSTG: Case reports

Primary resource

PSTG: Meta-analyses

Primary resource

PSTG: Systematic reviews

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Narrative reviews

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Textbooks

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Compendia

Tertiary resource

PSTG: Clinical Guidelines

Tertiary resource

Advantages of primary literature

Access to detailed information

Ability to personally assess the validity and applicability of study results

More recent than secondary or tertiary literature

Disadvantages of primary literature

Misleading conclusions based on only one trial without context of other research

Need to have good skills in medical literature evaluation

Time needed to evaluate the large volume of literature available

Secondary literature disadvantage

Systems do not index all the same, different databases may require different search terms to be used

Advantages of tertiary literature

Convenient, easy to use, familiar to most practitioners, excellent first-line resources when dealing with a drug information question

Disadvantages of tertiary literature

Publication lag time, may be incomplete due to either space limitations of resource or incomplete literature searches by the author

May include errors in transcription, human bias, incorrect interpretation of information, or lack of expertise by authors

NEED TO VERIFY INFORMATION IN MULTIPLE SOURCES

Grey literature

Sources of information that are not widely available through commercial publishers

Where can you find the full-text access to Facts and Comparisons?

eAnswers

Where can you find full-text access to AHFS Drug Information?

Lexicomp Online

Where can you find full-text access to The Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs?

Pharmacy Library

AccessPharmacy

Available with HawkID provides access to full-text books (including Malone's text), drug information, case studies, study tools, drug cards, and NAPLEX Central (a review tool for the NAPLEX exam)?

Review articles are considered

Tertiary literature

Controlled trials, case reports, and meta-analyses are all examples of this type of literature

Primary literature

Micromedex, UpToDate, and DynaMed are all examples of this type of literature

Tertiary literature

PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Embase are all examples of this type of literature

Secondary literature

References that either index and/or abstract with the goal of directing the user to relevant information are considered

Secondary literature

PSTG: Drug monograph

Tertiary literature

PSTG: Textbook chapter

Tertiary literature

PharmacyLibrary Contents

Library/Browse books

Pharmacotherapy first-Modules provide information on different categories of disease states

Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs

Cases provide case-based learning examples

PSTG: Professional associations

Grey literature

PSTG: Conferences and professional meetings

Grey literature

PSTG: Unpublished research

Grey literature

PSTG: Ongoing clinical trials

Grey literature

InfoHawk+

Catalog system to identify resources (books, journals, databases, etc.)

All records within database that U of I owns

A-Z databases

Click health science resources, will be given a list of alphabetical databases pertaining to the health sciences that are available to you with use of hawkid

Subject Guides

Under select resources, subject guides, health sciences, clinical pharmacy sources subject guides...will provide

Large topic guides. Ours is Clinical Pharmacy Resources, convenience sites

Interlibrary loan and document delivery

Free resource that allows you to access resources electronically or via print

Article request, allows you to get everything you need as quickly as possible

Can send PDF from library or can find the closest library that has the material and send the printed copy (anywhere from 2 to 14 days to receive)...can keep the material for 3 to 5 days

Micromedex's IV Compatibility Database is powered by

Trissel's 2 Clinical Pharmaceuticals

The "add-on tool" in Micromedex used to find drug product pricing and packaging information on prescription and over-the-counter drug products.

RED BOOK

The Micromedex Drug Interactions database allows a patient's allergies to be added to the interaction report?

True

Micromedex CareNotes are information sheets written at a literacy level for a patient (non-technical language.)

What topics are available?

Care and conditions, medications, labs

UpToDate, Lexicomp, and eAnswers are produced by the same company. Which company is that?

Wolters Kluwer

True or False: The UpToDate drug interaction add-on tool does not include compatibility related to I.V. drug preparation or administration

True

From where does UpToDate's drug information pull the monographs?

Lexicomp Online

According to NLM's Citing Medicine, cut and pasting a URL for a website is considered sufficient citing as long as you include the date the website was accessed

False

In addition to providing the author's evidence trail so the reader can duplicate the author's research, what else does proper citation accomplish? (Choose all that apply.)

Protects the author if the source had an error.

Avoids plagiarism.

If an author summarizes information, it does not need to cited.

False

When using Lexicomp Online, you find an article in the list of references that seems pertinent to your research. What is the proper thing to cite?

Cite the Lexicomp monograph, not the article.

Using EndNote Basic, it is possible to create an entry for a printed book.

True

Once a citation is stored in EndNote Basic, the list can be reformatted into a different bibliographic style.

(According to endnote.comLinks to an external site., Clarivate claims over 6,000 bibliographic output styles; 7,463 are listed on the search screen.)

True

Citation styles

Dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered

Examples of citation styles

NLM, academic (Chicago), associations (AMA), Vancouver (MJE - International Committee of Medical Journal Editors)

Sources must be cited

Direct quotes, synthesized ideas, tables/graphics

Several citation/reference management software products are available including:

Zotero, Refworks, Mendeley, Endnote, Embedded in word processing software

Why do citation management software products exist?

Organization, reformat into different citation styles, integration into word processing, collaboration

Finding sources for information: thought process steps

1. Determine question/information needed

2. Categorize question

3. Find items that will answer your question (Malone 3-2, subject guides, AACP basic resources for pharmacy education)

4. Locate the item (Infohawk+, COP resources)

5. Retrieve the item (electronically-hawk id, print access-interlibrary loan/document delivery service)

6. Read it (in-text references, footnotes, bibliographies).

7. Document/manage/record information used (Excel/google docs).

8. Cite the item (citation management software-Endnote Basic).

DynaMed (Specialties)

Allergy, cardiology, critical care, dermatology, etc.

DynaMed (Alerts)

Can filter by category (Adult primary care, allergy, etc.)

Recent alters filtered by date

DynaMed (Drugs A to Z)

Drug monographs filtered from A to Z...beginning with dosing and administration

Product of Merative Micromedex

DynaMed (Drug interactions)

Merative Micromedex Drug Interaction checking is a product of Merative.

Can identify possible interactions between two or more drugs.

DynaMed (Calculators)

Medical Equations

Clinical Criteria

Decision Trees

Statistics Calculators

Units & Dose Converters

Search by Specialty

Math Calculator

Glossary

References

Send Comment to Editor

Clinical Key (Diagnose and treat your patients with confidence)

Produced by Elsevier Drug Information

Clinical overviews, drug monographs, calculators, drug class overviews, patient education, drug interaction, drug identifier, do not crush

USP-NF

Minimum standards by FDA, state boards, and joint commission

IJPC

Indexed by MEDLINE, the Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature print index, EMBASE

Safety Data Sheets information from USP-NF includes

Chemical properties

Physical, health, and environmental hazards

Protective measures

Safety precautions for handling, store, and transporting the chemical

Where is Trissel's Stability of Compounded Formulations available electronically with your HawkID?

STATRef!

SciFinder (Leo Clougherty)

What are the two secondary sources searched when using SciFinder?

Most comprehensive chemical information discovery tool of basic science/chemical abstract information.

Chemical Abstracts and MEDLINE

Modified Systematic Approach

Secure demographics of requestor

Obtain background information

Determine and categorize the question

Develop strategy and conduct research

Perform evaluation, analysis, and synthesis

Formulate and provide response

Conduct follow-up and documentation

Reaxys (Leo Clougherty)

Private company database similar to pubchem

Find relevant chemistry literature and patents, assess compound synthesis, see comparable bioactivity for substances.

FDA Drug Approvals and Databases

Look at Orange Book, National Drug Code Book, FDA label

NDC Directory

Contains information about finished, unfinished, and compounded products

Orange Book

Therapeutic equivalence book

A-Rating

Therapeutically equivalent

B-Rating

Not therapeutically equivalent

FDA Approval Process

• (Pre-Clinical) Drug sponsor develops a new drug

• Animals tested

• IND application

• (Clinical) *Phase 1 - 20-80 people, focus on safety

• *Phase 2 - 100s of people, focus on effectiveness w/ placebo

• *Phase 3 - 1000s of people, diff. populations, diff. dosages

• (NDA Review) Review meeting with the FDA

• NDA application

• Drug labeling with healthcare professionals

• Facility inspection

(Post Marketing)

Documenting DI Response

• Original Question

• Introduction

• Findings

• Conclusion/Recommendation

• Alternatives

• References

Person Centered Care Circle

• Collect: necessary information about the patient

• Assess: Identify patient needs

• Plan: person-centered, evidence-based, cost-conscious care plan w/ patient

• Implement: Implements care plan & patient education

• Follow Up: Monitor and Evaluate

Micromedex grey bar contains

Drug interactions, IV compatibility, Drug comparison, CareNotes, NeoFax/Pediatrics, Tox and drug product lookup, Redbook, calculators