Neuro Quiz - Pediatrics

True or False: Adolescents must go to a children's hospital.

False; they can go to a children's hospital or a specific suite in an adult hospital

Care for children should be ____ based.

developmentally

Emphases of care should be on ____-centered approach to care.

family

The goal for pediatrics is to maximize ____ and prepare them for ____.

function and independence; successful transition into adulthood

Infants and younger children with tetraplegia are likely to have ___ injuries (C___-C___) compared to adolescents (C___- C___)

upper cervical; C1-C3; C4-C8

ISCSCI motor and sensory scores are unreliable until at least age ___. Why?

5; might not be able to understand the command

Most common causes of SCI in children are ____.

MVA, violence, sports, birth injuries

____ is when a spinal cord injury is not seen in a developing child.

spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality

SCIWORA is seen in about ___/___ of pediatric spinal cord injuries.

2/3

____ is velocity dependent resistance to passive movement.

spasticity

____ are the highest cause of morbidity and mortality in children.

respiratory issues

Management of spasticity is through ___ or ___.

medication (baclofen) or surgery

Grade 0 MAS

no increase in muscle tone

Grade 2 MAS

more marked increase in muscle tone throughout most of ROM but movement is easy

Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder of the ROM (less than half).

Grade 1+ MAS

Affected parts rigid in flexion or extension.

Grade 4 MAS

Grade 1 MAS

slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a batch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the ROM when the affected parts are moved into flexion or extension

Grade 3 MAS

considerable increase in muscle tone and ROM is difficult

More than ____ of children with injuries T6 or higher experience autonomic dysreflexia.

half

Children younger than ___ years old rarely have AD symptoms, whereas ____ children do.

5; older

Primary goals of neurogenic bladder management in children:

preserve renal function

prevent life-threatening complications

promote continence

Intermittent catheterization should be introduced at the age of ___ with goals of attaining complete independence by age ____.

3; 5-7

Bowel programs can be successfully introduced around ___ years old.

2-4

____ is a serious complication which can affect around 23% of children with SCI, specifically ____ ____.

hypercalcemia; adolescent males

Symptoms of hypercalcemia are ___.

abdominal pain

polyuria

vomiting

generalized malaise

potential psychosis

____ is the treatment for hypercalcemia.

aggressive hydration with diuresis

Common causes of wounds in children are ___ and ___.

pressure; burns

Risk factors for developing wounds in children are ____.

play and increased floor time

limited cognitive understanding

body image issues ad unwillingness to perform skin checks as adolescents

True or False: DVTs are common in children with SCI.

FALSE; rare

True or False: Almost every child who sustains an SCI before skeletal maturity develops scoliosis.

True

Bracing ___ progression of scoliosis, and surgery is indicated if Cobb Angle is over ____ degrees.

slows; 40

A child should be over ___ years old to get surgery for scoliosis.

10

The (younger/older) someone is injured, the more likely they are to develop scoliosis.

younger

More than ____% of children with SCI before age 10 develop hip subluxation or scoliosis.

90

____, ____, and ____ are generally recommended for hip subluxation/dislocation.

close surveillance of hips, positioning, aggressive approach to surgical intervention

Most rapid neurologic recovery after SCI usually happens within the first ____ months to ____ after surgery.

6; a year

Surgical options for UE reconstruction include:

tendon transfer, nerve transfer, implantation of FES device, combination of interventions

Risk factors for developing latex allergy is ____.

younger age of exposure and number of repeated exposures

Adolescents most often get traumatic SCI from _____ rather than ____.

sports; MVA

SCIWORA is when ___ and ____ don't show SCI, but ___ does.

x-ray; CT; MRI