Chapter 16: recording your research results

In psychology, most journals follow the writing style established by the:

American Psychological Association.

When creating an APA-style manuscript, you use:

double spacing throughout the manuscript.

In an APA-style manuscript, the running head:

is a shortened version of your title having no more than 50 characters.

Your APA-style manuscript should use:

a serif typeface, preferably Times New Roman, and a font size of 12 points.

In an APA-style manuscript, a level 1 heading is:

centered on a page, boldfaced, and has both upper and lowercase letters

In an APA-style manuscript, the author note:

all are correct

A concise yet informative title for your paper makes it more likely that:

people will read your paper

Which of the following pieces of information should not be included on the title page of an APA-style manuscript?

your title or degrees

"The Effect of Stress on Learning" is a title that is:

too short

In an APA-style manuscript, the abstract:

is a concise summary of your paper.

The abstract for an empirical study should include:

information on the problem under study and a description of the methods used.

One should put effort into writing a clear, concise abstract because:

a potential reader will use the abstract to decide whether to read the paper as part of his or her literature search.

Although you typically write the abstract after you have written the rest of your paper, the abstract is typed:

immediately after the title page.

According to the APA manual, a good abstract must be:

All of the answers are correct.

In which of the following sections of an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript does the opening paragraph present a general discussion of the issue one has chosen to study?

The introduction section

Which of the following statements is true about formatting the abstract in an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript?

Include a list of keywords, centered immediately below the abstract.

In an APA-style manuscript, the primary function of the introduction is to:

describe the problem studied and your basic research strategy.

Which of the following statements is true about the last subsection of the introduction section in an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript?

It states specific hypotheses.

Which of the following statements is true about the introduction section in an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript?

It follows the general-to-specific structure.

In an APA-style manuscript, the introduction:

begins with a general discussion of issues and then moves to a specific discussion of your research.

In the _____ section of an APA-style manuscript, you describe exactly how you conducted your study.

method

In an APA-style manuscript, descriptions about genus, species, strain, and any other important relevant information about animals used as subjects will most likely be found in the _____ subsection.

subjects

If you used a commercial piece of operant chamber in your experiment, in the apparatus subsection:

provide the name of the manufacturer and the model number of the chamber.

If you developed a new, extensive measure (such as a 250-item questionnaire or lengthy instructions), then in the materials subsection you should:

inform the readers where and how they can obtain them.

In the procedure subsection, you:

tell your reader precisely the procedure you followed throughout the course of your study.

In an APA-style manuscript, the method section:

begins immediately after the end of the introduction.

In an APA-style manuscript, the goal of the method section is to provide enough information so that:

another researcher could replicate your study in all its essential details.

When preparing the results section of an APA-style manuscript, you:

do not embed figures and tables in the body of the manuscript.

In the results section of an APA-style manuscript, you:

report your findings

Which of the following formats correctly shows how to report the results of an inferential statistical test if one has previously stated the chosen alpha level in an APA-style manuscript?

F(3,56) = 4.56, p < .05, 2 = .06F(3,56) = 4.56, p < .05, 2 = .06

In an APA-style manuscript, interpretation of your results is done in the _____ section.

discussion

In an APA-style manuscript, which of the following is the general format of a discussion section?

Begin with a brief restatement of your hypotheses, and then briefly indicate whether your data were consistent with your pre-experimental hypotheses.

Which of the following statements is true about the discussion section of an APA-style manuscript?

You have license to speculate on the importance of your findings and must base your interpretations on your data, data from previous research, and/or established theory.

In the reference section of an APA-style manuscript, you must list:

all articles, books, or other sources you cited in the body of your paper.

According to the American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript, which of the following statements is true about the formatting of reference citations?

The names of the authors should not be in all capital letters.

In an APA-style manuscript, a content footnote:

clarifies a point made in the text or provides additional details.

In an APA-style manuscript, tables:

present complex information that cannot be summarized easily in the body of your paper

. In an APA-style manuscript, a simple rule to follow when preparing graphs is to:

make them simple and accurate

Which of the following would you find on a figure prepared for an APA-style manuscript?

The figure and a caption for the figure

The proper way to cite a reference in your manuscript when the author's name does not appear in the body of the sentence is:

(Jones, 1985).

The "et al." device is used for the first citation and all subsequent citations:

to cite a source with more than five authors.

As a rule, numbers lower than _____ are spelled out in an APA-style manuscript.

10

In which of the following cases are numbers expressed in words in an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript?

When representing common fractions

According to the APA publication manual, you can avoid biased language in your writing by:

all correct

When writing, the three elements of clear expression of your ideas are:

grammatical correctness, proper word choice, and economy of expression.

"The experimenter randomly assigned subjects to treatment conditions with a table of random numbers" is an example of a(n) _____ sentence.

ambigous

Whereas _____ relates most closely to the structure of sentences, _____ relates to how sentences are organized into paragraphs and how paragraphs are woven into an entire paper.

clarity of expression; organization

Zeba, a research student, submits a paper as part of her course requirement. In that paper, she extensively reproduces sections of a published article without proper citation. In this scenario, Zeba is most likely guilty of:

plagiarism

Kiara, a research student, submits a paper as part of her course requirement. In that paper, she merely lifts paragraphs out of several sources and properly cites the sources she uses. In this scenario, Kiara is most likely guilty of:

lazy writing

Which of the following is a rule of thumb to be kept in mind when writing a paper to avoid lazy writing and plagiarism?

Use quoted material sparingly and only to support your ideas.

Unlike nonrefereed journals, refereed journals _____.

are preferred because an author's work is likely to receive more serious attention by the scientific community

During the publication process, immediately after the publisher typesets an author's manuscript, _____.

the author receives copies of his or her paper as it will appear in the journal

The cycle of manuscript submission-review-revision and resubmission-acceptance-publication:

relatively large one

In the context of paper presentations, which of the following statements is true about oral presentations?

Authors are usually given a limited time to present their information.

In the context of paper presentations, which of the following is the main advantage of poster sessions?

Authors can speak extensively with other people who are doing research in their area.

In psychology, all journals strictly follow the style established by the American Psychological Association (APA) publication manual.

false

In an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript, author notes are numbered, and authors should refer to them in the body of their papers.

false

The title page of an APA-style manuscript includes your name.

true

The abstract of an APA-style manuscript can, if necessary, introduce concepts not found in the body of the paper.

false

In most cases, the length of the abstract will be between 150 and 250 words.

true

The introduction to an APA-style manuscript describing an experiment should include a comprehensive review of all relevant research.

false

In an APA-style manuscript, it is generally not necessary to include details in the method section

false

. In an APA-style manuscript, a commercial piece of laboratory equipment should be described in minute detail in the apparatus subsection.

false

In an APA-style manuscript, the discussion section follows a general-to-specific format similar to the introduction.

false

In the discussion section of an APA-style manuscript, individuals have license to speculate on the importance of their findings provided that they avoid temptation to overstep the bounds of that license.

true

A copyright permission footnote clarifies a point made in the text of a research paper.

false

Figures and tables are usually used to display information too complex to be adequately described in the text.

true

In an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript, the method section is where authors discuss the tables or figures that present data from their study.

false

In an American Psychological Association (APA)-style manuscript, tables or figures appear in the body of the manuscript.

false

All articles you read, whether or not they are mentioned in the paper, should be listed in the reference section.

false

Biased language in writing is usually limited to sexist language.

false

Biased language can be reduced by paying special attention to labels assigned to people.

false

Failure to cite the source when using another person's words and ideas in a paper constitutes plagiarism.

true

Using extensive quotes from other sources, even if correctly cited, constitutes lazy writing.

true

You are usually given 15 minutes to present a paper during an oral presentation at a professional conference

true

In an oral presentation, it is a good idea to describe all the details about the subjects and apparatus used in your research.

false

Poster sessions require less time and effort on an author's part than oral presentations.

false