unit 6 test

difference between communism and fascism

• communism: aims to create a classless, stateless society in which all citizens own and control the means of production (classless society)

• fascism: aims to establish a centralized, totalitarian state under the control of one party or leader (extreme nationalism)

Hideki Tojo

prime minister of Japan during World War II and key military general before that

How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles in the 1930s?

• merges w/ Austria

• occupies Rhineland

• builds army

What country did Italy invade in the 1930s? How did the League react?

• Ethiopia

• condemned and economic sanctions placed

What was the Anschluss? How did this violate the Treaty of Versailles?

• "annexation" of Austria

• Germany promised they would never merge with Austria

Munich Agreement

Hitler can take the Sudetenland, but not the rest of Czechoslovakia

What country did Germany invade in 1939?

Poland

Why did Britain and France declare war in Germany?

invasion of Poland

How did the German army successfully invade France?

through the Ardennes Forest

significance of Dunkirk

330,000 Allied soldiers are ferried away across English channel

General George Marshall

• Army Chief of Staff

• advocated for WAAC

WAAC

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps: women contribute to war efforts w/o fighting

OPA

Office of Price Administration: froze prices of consumer goods to fight inflation and enforced rationing

How did the U.S. government prevent inflation?

froze prices of consumer goods

How did the government fund the war?

war bonds

What did the War Production Board do during the war?

decided which businesses would be converted, organized iron, tin, and food

What were some of the new scientific discoveries produced by The Office of Scientific Research and Development?

radar, sonar, penicillin, blood plasma

How did the U.S. meet the need for wartime supplies?

• automobile plants stop producing cars and start working on planes, tanks, and boats

• shipyard and defense plants moved with tremendous speed

What was the bracero program?

issue temporary work permits to Mex. Am. to ease labor shortages

Who was A. Phillip Randolph? What did he do?

almost organized a civil rights movement, causing Roosevelt to issue an equal treatment executive order

What organization did James Farmer create? What was the goal of this organization?

Congress of Racial Equality

end racial discrimination through nonviolent action

What did the Japanese American Citizen League campaign for after WWII?

compensation

eventually get it

Normandy (D-Day)

• Allies forces launched Operation Overlord, landing on Normandy beaches in Nazi-occupied France

• Western Front turning point

beginning of liberation of France

Battle of the Bulge

• Ardennes Forest (in Belgium and Luxembourg)

• Germany's last major offensive on Western front, aiming to split Allied forces and capture the Antwerp port

• created bulge in Allied lines, but launched successful counterattack

Battle of Midway

• U.S. Navy v. Japan

• turning point in Pacific War

U.S. ambushed Japanese fleet attempting to seize Midway Atoll
- prevent further expansion of Japan

Battle of Guadalcanal

• U.S. v. Japan

• U.S. Marines landed to seize strategic airfield from Japan

Battle of Iwo Jima

• U.S. Marines v. Japan

• Marines launched campaign to capture island

• flag-raising on Mt. Suribachi

Battle of Okinawa

• U.S. v. Japan

• attempt to use island as staging ground for invasion

• largest number of kamikaze attacks

What was Hitler's goal in the Battle of the Atlantic? How did the Allies respond? What technology did they use to fight the German navy?

• Hitler orders submarine attacks against supply ships to Britain

• Allies organize cargo ships

• increase Liberty ships

Dwight D. Eisenhower

• command North African invasion

• eventually become president

Operation Torch

Allied invasion of French North Africa

General Erwin Rommel

• German gen. who was implicated in Hitler assassination plot

• forced to commit suicide

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen? What were their achievements?

a primarily African-Am. group of pilots who received a Congressional Gold Medal

What were some achievement of the 100th Battalion?

• 5 Presidential Unit Citations

• changed the minds of ppl who thought Japanese-Am. shouldn't enlist

What were the main outcomes of the Tehran Conference?

• open second front against Germany

• invasion on France

General Omar Bradley

bombs to create gaps in enemy defense line

Who is George Patton? What city did he help liberate?

• prominent Am. general

• Paris

What countries did Japan conquer after Pearl Harbor?

Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore, Burma, part of Dutch East Indies

Douglas MacArthur

leads Allied forces in Philippines

Bataan Death March

U.S. Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula

Doolittle's Raid

U.S. attempts to bomb Japan from a distance as revenge for Pearl Harbor

significance of Battle of the Coral Sea

halt Japanese southern expansion

Admiral Chester Nimitz

commands U.S. naval forces in Pacific

What did the Allied powers discover as they began to invade Nazi-controlled Europe?

not weak enough for invasion yet

Why were many European Jewish refugees prevented from immigrating to the U.S.?

• prejudice

• strong immigration laws

• quota system

• don't want to take any more immigrants

What happened to the passengers on the St. Louis?

• turned away from U.S. and Cuba

• most passengers die in Holocaust

task of War Refugee Board

organization to deal w/ the millions displaced by the war

Who attended the Yalta Conference? What were the goals of each representative at this conference?

• Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt

• divide Germany into zones of occupation

• Stalin to allow free elections

• Stalin - harsh punishment

• Churchill - completely disagree

• Roosevelt mediator

What was decided at the Yalta Conference?

• division of Germany

• demilitarization of Germany

• punishment of war criminals

• free elections in Eastern Europe

What was decided at the Potsdam Conference?

• Stalin refuses free elections in Poland

• reparations and a weak Germany

• communism

• satellite nations in Eastern Europe

• raw materials and market sympathetic governments

What was the GI Bill of Rights?

• Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944

• law that provided benefits to returning WWII veterans