Class 8 - Dementia Syndrome

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What are symptoms of DLB?

  • Persistent & complex visual hallucinations or other sensory hallucinations

  • Visuospatial impairment

  • Sleep disturbance

  • Fluctuating attention & vigilance

  • Gait imbalances or Parkinsonian movement features

  • Reduced speech rate & fluency

  • Executive function impairments → cognitive inflexibility

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What are the screenings for cognitive impairment?

  • Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)

  • Clock Drawing Test-CDT

  • Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

  • Saint Louis University (SLUMS) Exam

  • Clinical Dementia Rating Scale

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How do you distinguish between healthy/age-related cognitive decline and atypical cognitive decline?

  • Use screeners! (MMSE, MoCA, etc.) – comparing w/ norms that are age & education matched

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The AD8 (“Eight-item Interview to Differentiate Aging & Dementia”): The Washingtom University Dementia Screening Test:

  • AD8 helps discriminate between signs of normal aging & mild dementia

  • May be completed by the older adult or by a reliable informant, either in-person or over the phone

  • Contains 8 items that test for memory, orientation, judgment, & function

  • Short, simple, & quick to administer (~3 minutes) & culturally sensitive

  • Combining the AD8 w/ a brief performance test such as the MoCA & Mini-Cog greatly enhances the ability to capture early cognitive change

<ul><li><p>AD8 helps discriminate between signs of normal aging &amp; mild dementia </p></li><li><p>May be completed by the older adult or by a reliable informant, either in-person or over the phone </p></li><li><p>Contains 8 items that test for memory, orientation, judgment, &amp; function </p></li><li><p>Short, simple, &amp; quick to administer (~3 minutes) &amp; culturally sensitive </p></li><li><p>Combining the AD8 w/ a brief performance test such as the MoCA &amp; Mini-Cog greatly enhances the ability to capture early cognitive change </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (Short IQCODE)

  • short questionaire that assesses cogntive decline & dementia in elderly people that is filled out by relative or friend who has known the elderly person for 10 years or more

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What is the most commonly used assessment for MCI & dementia by SLPs TO ASSESS BODY STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS?

  • ABCD-2! (Arizona Battery for Cognitive-Communication Disorders-Second Edition)

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Functional Assessment of Select Cognitive Domains in Atypical Aging:

  • Communication Activities for Daily Living (CADL-3)

  • Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT-3)

  • Functional Linguistic Communication (FLCI)

  • Texas Functional Living Scale

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Assessment Options in Atypical Aging, Beyond Standardized Tests:

  • Rating Scales: Observed Emotion Rating Scale

  • Environment & Communication Toolkit (ECAT) for Dementia Care → assessment & forms for AAC

  • QOL scales: Geriatric Depression Scale, The Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale