AP World History: Modern - Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (Developments in Africa) - Knowledge

Basic knowledge to know for 1.5 APWH.

What did Ibn Battuta’s commentary on Mali show?

cultural forces at work in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically Islam

Which 2 governments sought Ibn Battuta’s knowledge on shariah?

Mogadishu (east Africa)

Delhi

How did some African governments resist Islam?

churches with labyrinths, reservoirs, tunnels

What was the last African area to be taught about Islam?

South Africa

What did most of Sub-Saharan Africa adopt in 1000?

agriculture

What caused government to evolve in Sub-Saharan Africa?

sedentary nature of agriculture

How was African government unique?

it did not centralize its power

Why did kin-based networks become more difficult to govern over time?

Populations got bigger, so competition increased.

How were the Hausa kingdoms ran?

loose kinship ties with no central authority

How did the Hausa kingdoms prosper?

a specialty based on geography

How did an eastern Hausa kingdom help all of the kingdoms?

military defense

Why were the Hausa kingdoms still vulnerable?

lack of central authority

What did the exchange of goods do for the states of West & East Africa?

wealth

political power

cultural diversity

What did Africa practice before Islam? Which four kingdoms practiced these?

Christianity

animism

Ethiopia

Ghana

Mali

Zimbabwe

What did Ghanian rulers trade to Muslim merchants?

gold

ivory

What did Muslim merchants trade to Ghanian rulers?

salt

copper

cloth

tools

What led to the Ghanan collapse in 12th century?

wars between neighbors

How was wealth shown off in East Africa?

architecture

How did Zimbabwe build its wealth?

grazing

trade

gold

agriculture

How did Zimbabwe’s government help Zimbabwe prosper?

taxes on gold exports

How was trade in Zimbabwe different from that in Ghana or Mali?

They used coastal cities and the Indian Ocean trade route to trade instead of the Sahara desert.

What coastal cities did Zimbabwe trade with?

Mombasa

Kilwa

Mogadishu

Why was the capital of Zimbabwe abandoned by the 1400s?

overgrazing within the Great Zimbabwe

How did Christianity spread into Africa?

from origins in the Mediterranean Sea into Egypt

How did the kingdom of Axum prosper?

trading goods obtained from India, Arabia, the Roman Empire, and interior of Africa

What was an important aspect of Ethiopia’s Christian culture since 2nd millennium BCE?

carved rock structures

How was Christianity distinct in Ethiopia?

it incorporated existing African traditions like ancestor veneration and spirits.

What 3 qualities determined one’s status in Sub-Saharan Africa?

kinship

age

gender

How did kinships treat young people rather than the old?

They sought the young for hard labor and the old for wisdom.

What did men work as in kinships?

specialized skills such as leather tanners/blacksmiths

What did women work as in kinships?

agriculture/food gathering

domestic chores

taking care of children

What 3 types of people were enslaved in Sub-Saharan Africa?

prisoners of war

debtors

criminals

What did both enslaved men and women work in?

agriculture

What did women work as in slavery in Sub-Saharan Africa?

domestic labor

Did enslaving people increase one’s social status? Why?

Yes because a singular person nor kinship could own land.

What did people use to “communicate with ancestors” in Africa?

music

What was often used to create African music?

percussive elements

What did Africans use to remember and look to previous leaders?

art such as statues

What did artists in Benin and West Africa use to create sculptures?

iron

bronze

What led Europeans to greatly respect the culture of West Africans in the late 19th century?

their advanced visual art

How was literature passed down in post-classical Africa?

orally

Why did people respect griots so much?

They believed they could change your reputation. Kings sought information from them.