Mental Health Exam 1

conventional antipsychotic drugs

chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, haloperidol, loxapine

atypical antipsychotic drugs

clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine

third generation antipsychotic drugs

dopamine system stabilizers: ex. aripiprazole

antipsychotics

medications used to treat symptoms of psychosis by blocking dopamine receptors

side effects of antipsychotics

• Acute dystonia (painful, involuntary muscle spasms)

• Pseudoparkinsonism

• Akathisia (restlessness, agitation, anxiety)

• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

• Tardive dyskinesia (permanent involuntary movements)

• Anticholinergic side effects like dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy/retention

• Increased prolactin, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, agranulocytosis

antidepressants

medications used to treat major depressive illness, anxiety disorders, depressed phase of bipolar disorder, psychotic depression

antidepressants

tricyclic and cyclic compounds

antidepressants

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

antidepressants

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

antidepressants

medication with major interaction is with the monoamine neurotransmitter systems, especially norepinephrine and serotonin

SSRIs side effects

• anxiety

• agitation

• akathisia

• nausea

• insomnia

• sexual dysfunction

• weight gain*

cyclic antidepressants side effects

• anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention/ hesitancy)

• orthostatic hypotension

• weight gain

• sedation

• tachycardia

• sexual dysfunction

MAOIs side effects

• daytime sedation

• insomnia

• weight gain

• dry mouth

• orthostatic hypotension

• sexual dysfunction

• hypertensive crisis (with foods containing tyramine)

serotonin syndrome

interaction between MAOIs and SSRIs that cause agitation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, rigidity, and hyperreflexia

first thing in the morning

when to take an SSRI

at night

when to take cyclic compounds

up to 8 hours after

how long do you have to take an SSRI if you missed a dose

within 3 hours or not at all

how long do you have to take a cyclic compound if you missed a dose

mood-stabilizing drugs

lithium, some anticonvulsants (carbamazepine, valproic acid, gabapentin, topiramate, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine)

mood-stabilizing drugs

medications used for treatment of bipolar illness by:

• normalizing reuptake of certain neurotransmitters (lithium)

• increasing levels of GABA (valproic acid and topiramate)

• inhibiting the kindling process (valproic acid and carbamazepine)

lithium side effects

• nausea

• diarrhea

• anorexia

• fine hand tremor

• polydipsia

• polyuria

• metallic taste in mouth

• fatigue

• lethargy

• weight gain

• acne

• *****risk of toxicity****

valproic acid side effects

• drowsiness

• sedation

• dry mouth

• blurred vision

• weight gain

• alopecia

• hand tremor

carbamazepine side effects

• drowsiness

• sedation

• dry mouth

• blurred vision

• rash

• orthostatic hypotension

topiramate side effects

• dizziness

• sedation

• weight loss

client teaching for mood-stabilizing drugs

monitor blood levels periodically (12 hours after last dose taken), take medication with meals

antianxiety drugs

medications used for the treatment of anxiety and anxiety disorders, insomnia, OCD, depression, PTSD, alcohol withdrawal by the mediation of GABA and partial agonist activity at serotonin receptors

antianxiety drugs

benzodiazepines, buspirone

benzodiazepines side effects

• physical, psychological dependence

• central nervous system depression

• hangover effect

• tolerance

buspirone side effects

• dizziness

• nausea

• headache

• sedation

client teaching for antianxiety medication

avoid alcohol and avoid abrupt discontinuation

stimulants

medications used for treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, residual attention- deficit disorder in adults, narcolepsy by: causing release of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin presynaptically and blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters

stimulants

amphetamines

• methylphenidate

• amphetamine

• dextroamphetamine

side effects of stimulants

• anorexia

• weight loss

• nausea

• irritability

• growth and weight suppression

disulfiram

medication used for aversion therapy for alcoholism by inhibiting the enzyme involved with alcohol metabolism

side effects of disulfiram

• fatigue

• drowsiness

• halitosis

• tremor

• impotence

******adverse reaction with alcohol ingestion

disulfiram

a medication that interacts with drugs like phenytoin, isoniazid, warfarin, barbiturates, long-acting benzodiazepines

• tell clients to avoid alcohol and products that may contain it (shaving cream, deodorant, over-the-counter cough preparations)

St. Johns wort, Kava, Valerian, Ginkgo biloba

herbal medicines that increase risk for interactions

Freud

psychoanalytic theory: All human behavior is caused and explainable- repressed sexual impulses, desires as motivation for behavior

Freud

psychoanalytic theory: Behavior motivated by subconscious thoughts, feelings

Freud

psychoanalytic theory: the Psychosexual stages of development- and Transference and Countertransference

Erikson

developmental theory: the 8 psychosocial stages of development- achievement of life’s virtues

autonomy

right to self-determination; independence

beneficence

duty to benefit others or promote good

nonmaleficence

requirement to do no harm

justice

fairness

veracity

honesty, truthfulness

fidelity

obligation to honor commitments and contracts