Anatomy Lab 7- Respiratory System

respiratory system

Involves the processes of ventilation, and gas exchange

to get O2 into the body and get CO2 out

goal of respiratory system

active, diaphragm, intercostal

Inspiration is _____ and requires _______ and ________ muscles

passive, lungs, chest

Expiration is ______and relies on relaxation of ______ and ______

upper and lower portions

Tract is split into

conducting zone

Passages from nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles

respiratory zone

Sites of gas exchange: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

from the nose to the larynx

upper respiratory system

external nares

name L

vomer, perpendicular plate

Internal nose is split into chambers by the _____ and ______________ of the ethmoid

superior, middle, inferior

The turbinate bones are the ______, ________ and ______ nasal conchae

nasopharynx

name 1

oropharynx

name 2

Laryngopharynx

name 3

thryoid

name this

epiglottis

name this

cricoid

name this

arytenoids

name this

corniculate

name this

cuneiforms

name these

vocal cords

name this

epiglottis

elastic cartilage flap that covers the glottis when we swallow

lower respiratory tract

from larynx down into lungs

trachea

name this

trachea

-Held open by C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.

-Rings are necessary to conserve energy (so you don't have to force it open each time you breathe)

carina

name this

primary bronchi

Trachea terminates as the left and right _________

covering of the lungs

pleura

serous fluid

Small amounts of ___________ are secreted between the layers to keep the friction low between them

negative intrapleural pressure, surfactant

Lung collapse is prevented by the ___________ and the chemical _______

pneumothorax

Puncturing the pleura results in a

mediastinum

Lungs located in the _________

2, 3

The left lung has _ lobes and the right lung has _ lobes

hilum

Trachea subdivides into 2 primary bronchi that enter the lungs at the

bronchiles

name this

primary bronchus (right and left)

name this

secondary bronchus

name this

terminal bronchioles

Last non-respiratory bronchioles are called the

respiratory, alveoli

terminal bronchiles terminate as _______ bronchioles that subdivide into millions of tiny ______

gas exchange

Alveoli cluster in sacs, they are only 1 cell layer thick and this is where ___________ occurs with the pulmonary capillaries.

alveoli

Only the respiratory bronchioles and ______ are in the respiratory zone.

respiratory membrane

▪ Composed of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.

▪ Gas exchange occurs across this membrane

diaphragm, external intercostals,

muscles of inspiration

inspiration

requires active muscle contraction, breathing in

expiration

a passive process in which the lungs recoil of their own accord due to their elasticity, breathing out

internal intercostals and abdominal muscles

muscles of expiration

P =1/V

boyles law

500ml - is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal quiet breathing

TV (tidal volume)

700-1200ml - the amount of air that and be forcibly exhaled after a normal TV

ERV(expiratory reserve volume)

900-3100ml - the amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal TV

IRV(inspiratory reserve volume)

Is the total lung capacity available for air movement

VC(vital capacity)

3100-4800 mL

VC = IRV+ERV+TV which is about

Immovable amount of air remaining within the lungs ~1200ml

RV(residual volume)

Total amount of air in your lungs

TLC(total lung capacity)

VC+RV

TLC=

RR times TV

MRV(minute respiratory volume) =

RR*(TV-DAS)

AVR(alveolar ventilation rate) =