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Nutrition
How food & nutrients affect growth & development.
Nutrient
Any chemical substance that nourishes the body.
Provides energy, builds tissues, & regulates body processes.
6 Essential Nutrients
Carbohydrates.
Proteins.
Fats.
Vitamins.
Minerals.
Water.
Carbohydrates
Main source of energy.
Proteins
Build & repair tissues.
Fats
Provide energy.
Protect organs.
Vitamin absorption.
Vitamins
Regulate body processes.
Support growth & immunity.
Minerals
Build bones.
Regulate body functions.
Maintain fluid balance.
Water
Hydration.
Nutrient transport.
Waste removal.
Diet
Usual pattern of food & beverage intake.
Regular diet
All food groups in the right proportions.
Vegetarian diet
Excludes meat.
May include eggs & dairy.
DASH diet
A.k.a. - Dietary approach to Stop Hypertension.
Low salt + fruits & vegetables.
Lowers BP.
Diabetic diet
Limits sugar + balanced meals + portion control.
Controls blood sugar.
Diet therapy
Planned use of food & nutrition.
To prevent, manage, or treat disease.
Malnutrition
Deficiency, excess, or imbalance of nutrients.
Undernutrition
Nutrient intake is insufficient.
E.g. - Protein-energy malnutrition & vitamin deficiency.
Overnutrition
Nutrient intake exceeds body requirements.
E.g. - Obesity & hypercholesterolemia.
Balanced diet
All essential nutrients in correct amounts.
Metabolism
Sum of all chemical reactions in the body.
Catabolism
Breakdown of food into simpler substances.
To release energy.
E.g. - Glucose → ATP.
Anabolism
Building of body tissues.
Using nutrients.
E.g. - Protein synthesis → Muscle growth.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Amount of energy or calories the body requires at complete rest.
For breathing, circulation, BT, & organ function.
Accounts for 60% to 75% of daily energy expenditure.
BMR Formula (Men)
(10)(weight kg) + (6.25)(height cm) - (5)(age yrs) + 5.
BMR Formula (Women)
(10)(weight kg) + (6.25)(height cm) - (5)(age yrs) - 161.
Calories
A.K.A - Kilocalories.
Amount of energy supplied by food.
Energy values
Carbohydrates - 4kcal/g.
Protein - 4kcal/g.
Fat - 9kcal/g.
Alcohol - 7kcal/g.
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Average daily intake sufficient for healthy individuals in a specific age & sex group.
RDA Formula
BMR * activity factor
Activity Level
Sedentary (little to no exercise) = 1.20.
Lightly active (1-3 days/wk) = 1.375.
Moderately active (3-5 days/wk). = 1.55.
Very active (6-7 days/wk) = 1.725.
Extra active (hard physical work or intense exercise) = 1.90.
Body Mass Index (BMI) Formula
Weight in kg / (height in m)².
BMI values
Below 18.5 - Underweight.
18.5 to 24.9 - Healthy weight.
25.0 - 29.9 - Overweight.
30.0+ - Obesity.