trường THPT chuyên nguyễn bỉnh khiêm-vĩnh long

giả vờ/khẳng định rằng mình không biết

plead ignorance

Officials cannot simply plead ignorance of the law.

The company pleaded ignorance of the environmental consequences.

It is difficult to plead ignorance when the risks have been widely publicised.

trả đũa

retaliate (v)

→retaliate against sb, retaliatory action

The government threatened to retaliate against countries imposing unfair tariffs.

Victims may hesitate to report abuse for fear that their perpetrators will retaliate.

Military retaliation could escalate an already fragile conflict.

từ chối/thẳng thừng bác bỏ

rebuff (v,n)

The proposal was rebuffed by several environmental organisations.

She politely rebuffed the invitation.

Repeated rebuffs did little to discourage the researchers.

đạo đức kinh doanh

business ethics

→corporate business ethics, ethical business practices

Strong business ethics can enhance a company's long-term reputation.

Business ethics should be embedded in corporate decision-making.

A lack of business ethics can ultimately undermine consumer trust.

có nhiều màu như cầu vồng

rainbow-coloured

tăng giá bán, thường cao hơn giá vốn

mark up prices

Some retailers mark up prices substantially during periods of high demand.

The products were marked up by nearly 30% before being sold.

Excessive mark-ups can make essential goods unaffordable.

gặp phải vấn đề/trở ngại

run up against

→run up against difficulties, obstacles

Developing countries often run up against severe financial constraints.

The project ran up against unexpected technical difficulties.

Attempts to reform the system may run up against strong political resistance.

cứ nghĩ mãi về điều gì

on the brain

→have sth on the brain

After the competition, she had winning on the brain.

I've had climate change on the brain ever since I started researching the topic.

When people are constantly exposed to advertisements, shopping can be on the brain.

người tốt bụng, chân chất, đáng tin

the salt of the earth

Despite his wealth, he remains the salt of the earth.

The volunteers were ordinary people who were genuinely the salt of the earth.

She described her grandparents as the salt of the earth.

nhìn ai đầy tức giận

look daggers

Several passengers looked daggers at the man who was speaking loudly.

She looked daggers at her colleague after the interruption.

The two politicians were barely civil to each other and repeatedly looked daggers.

với thiện chí, trung thực

in good faith

Both parties entered the negotiations in good faith.

Employers are legally expected to act in good faith.

The mistake was made in good faith rather than through deliberate deception.

rất nguy hiểm/bấp bênh; chưa chắc chắn

touch-and-go

→a touch-and-go situation

For several hours, the patient's condition was touch-and-go.

The negotiations were touch-and-go until the final agreement was reached.

Whether the project will receive funding remains touch-and-go.

lời nói suông, khoác lác

hot air

→full of hot air, nothing but hot air

Critics dismissed the politician's promises as nothing more than hot air.

Without concrete evidence, such claims amount to hot air.

The proposal sounds impressive, but it may ultimately prove to be hot air.

xét đến, vì

in view of

In view of the evidence, the policy should be reconsidered.

The event was cancelled in view of the worsening weather conditions.

In view of rising living costs, governments should reconsider their welfare policies.

cá da trơn; người giả danh trên mạng

catfish

sốt; căng thẳng, kích động

febrile

→febrile temperature, febrile atmosphere

The debate took place in an increasingly febrile political atmosphere.

The country entered a febrile period of social unrest.

The febrile atmosphere made rational discussion extremely difficult.

làm thấm/ngấm; làm mang thai

impregnate (v)

The material was impregnated with a chemical that made it resistant to moisture.

The wood can be impregnated with preservatives to extend its lifespan.

The researchers developed a technique for impregnating fabrics with antibacterial compounds.

động vật chân khớp

arthropod

làm căng/phồng lên do chứa đầy

engorge (v)

vết trầy xước; sự mài mòn

abrasion

The patient suffered only a minor abrasion to the knee.

Repeated friction can cause skin abrasion.

The protective coating reduces abrasion and extends the material's lifespan.

phổ rộng; tác động trên phạm vi rộng

broad-spectrum (A)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics should not be prescribed unnecessarily.

The campaign adopted a broad-spectrum approach to public health.

Scientists are searching for broad-spectrum treatments that can target multiple pathogens.

thô sơ; chưa tinh chế; thiếu tinh tế

crude (A)

The researchers initially produced a crude estimate of the project's costs.

Crude oil remains a major source of global energy.

The early model was relatively crude but provided a useful starting point.

bối rối, không hiểu

baffled (A)

Researchers remain baffled by the sudden decline in the population.

I was completely baffled by the complexity of the instructions.

Scientists were baffled as to why the experiment had repeatedly failed.

tạm bợ, dùng thay thế tạm thời

makeshift (A)

Residents were forced to live in makeshift shelters.

The students constructed a makeshift laboratory from inexpensive materials.

A makeshift solution may be necessary until permanent infrastructure is built.

cách diễn đạt vòng vo

circumlocution

Legal documents are notorious for unnecessary circumlocution.

The politician's answer was characterised by circumlocution rather than clarity.

Academic writing should be precise without resorting to excessive circumlocution.

động lực, lực thúc đẩy

impetus (N) (formal)

→provide/give impetus to, fresh impetus

The pandemic provided fresh impetus for digital transformation.

Government subsidies could give impetus to the development of renewable energy.

Public concern has given new impetus to environmental reform.

tiểu sử

biography

hậu hĩnh; đáng kể

handsomely

→pay handsomely, reward handsomely

Investors who took the risk were rewarded handsomely.

Employees who exceed their targets are compensated handsomely.

The company benefited handsomely from its early investment in technology.

giản dị, không phô trương

unpretentious (neutral)

The restaurant is popular for its unpretentious atmosphere and high-quality food.

He is remarkably successful yet completely unpretentious.

The town retains an unpretentious charm that attracts visitors.

hội chợ đồ gốm

pottery fair

đường may; đường nối

seam (n)

khiến một nơi/người/sự kiện trở nên nổi tiếng

put sth on the map

The film put the small town on the map.

The discovery put the region on the map as a centre of scientific research.

The athlete's achievements put her country on the international sporting map.

đánh giá thấp

underestimate (v)

The government should not underestimate the social consequences of unemployment.

It would be a mistake to underestimate the importance of early education.

Consumers often underestimate how much data they generate online.

to get great pleasure from something, especially because it provides physical comfort

luxuriate in something (formal)

There's nothing better after a hard day's work than to luxuriate in a hot bath.

Tourists can luxuriate in the region's warm climate and pristine beaches.

After years of hard work, she finally luxuriated in a period of financial security.

The hotel allows guests to luxuriate in uninterrupted comfort.

đơn phương

unilateral (a)

A unilateral decision could damage diplomatic relations.

The company took unilateral action without consulting its employees.

Unilateral restrictions are unlikely to resolve a complex international dispute.

liên tục, không ngừng

incessantly (formal)

The machinery operated incessantly throughout the night.

Some critics complain incessantly without proposing viable alternatives.

The rain fell incessantly, causing widespread flooding.

sự phá rừng

disafforestation (N)

→large-scale disafforestation, prevent disafforestation

Large-scale disafforestation has accelerated soil erosion in the region.

Governments must address the economic drivers of disafforestation.

Disafforestation threatens biodiversity as well as local livelihoods.

hình dung trong đầu

visualize (v)

Athletes often visualize success before major competitions.

Urban planners can visualize how a proposed development will alter the skyline.

Students should visualize their long-term goals before choosing a career path.

một phổ liên tục, không có ranh giới rõ ràng

continuum (n)

Mental health exists on a continuum rather than as a simple binary.

The distinction between formal and informal language lies on a continuum.

Human development should be viewed as a continuum of gradual changes.

nỗi đau khổ cùng cực

anguish (n/v)

→emotional anguish, mental anguish

The families were left in profound anguish after the disaster.

The decision caused considerable emotional anguish.

Millions experience the anguish of displacement and uncertainty.

sự vui vẻ, náo nhiệt

gaiety (N) (literary/formal)

→youthful gaiety, atmosphere of gaiety

The festival was characterised by music, colour and youthful gaiety.

Despite the surrounding difficulties, the celebration retained an air of gaiety.

The children's laughter filled the room with infectious gaiety.

được chuyên nghiệp hóa

professionalized (A)

The sport has become increasingly professionalized over the past decade.

A more professionalized workforce could improve the quality of public services.

The professionalized nature of modern education has increased competition among students.

sự rời đi; sự khác biệt khỏi thông lệ

departure (n)

The policy represents a significant departure from previous practice.

His approach marks a clear departure from traditional teaching methods.

The departure of skilled workers could have serious economic consequences.

làm cho có vẻ nghiêm trọng/kịch tính hơn

dramatise (v)

The media should report social problems without dramatising them unnecessarily.

Politicians sometimes dramatise threats to attract public attention.

The documentary dramatises the consequences of climate change through personal stories.

đang vận hành/được khởi động

set sth in motion

The announcement set a series of political changes in motion.

Once the process is set in motion, it may be difficult to reverse.

The new investment has set economic development in motion.

chuyện bé xé ra to

make a mountain out of a molehill

Critics accused the media of making a mountain out of a molehill.

A minor disagreement should not be turned into a major conflict; there is no need to make a mountain out of a molehill.

Some consumers make a mountain out of a molehill when faced with minor inconveniences.

người được hưởng lợi

beneficiary

Children are often the primary beneficiaries of investment in education.

Local communities should be the main beneficiaries of tourism revenue.

The policy's intended beneficiaries may not be those who benefit most in practice.

linh hoạt, thay đổi liên tục; dạng lỏng

fluid (A)

The modern labour market is increasingly fluid.

Political alliances remain fluid in the months leading up to an election.

The boundary between work and leisure has become increasingly fluid.

trở nên sống động đột ngột

spring to life

The city springs to life after sunset.

The classroom sprang to life once the students began discussing the issue.

The market springs to life during the annual festival.

the part of something that is left after the other parts have gone, been used, or been taken away

the remainder

I ate most of it and gave the remainder to the dog.

It rained the first day but the remainder of the trip was fine.

a situation or relationship that you are involved in and that is difficult to escape from

entanglement (n)

The book describes the complex emotional and sexual entanglements between the members of the group.

nhà giải phẫu học

anatomist

a small folding chair on wheels that a baby or small child sits in and is pushed around in

pushchair

to the degree that

to the degree that

insofar as (formal) (c2)

to join the armed forces

to ask for and get help or support from someone

enlist (v)

enlist (in) They both enlisted (in the navy) a year before the war broke out.

We enlisted some people to help prepare the food.=>enlistment

extremely popular or successful

off the charts (mainly US)

The new restaurant is totally off the charts. (informal)

extremely confusing or surprising, or having a strong effect on your mind

mind-bending (a) (informal)

He has condemned those who gave her the mind-bending drug.

Video, music, and text can now reach whoever wants it at increasingly mind-bending speeds.

likely to happen or exist soon

on the horizon (c1)

There is no new drug on the horizon that will make this disease easier to treat.

to suddenly change from a particular opinion, decision, or plan to an opposite one

make/do a 180 (US informal)

We made a 180 and decided to go after all.

It made me do a 180 in terms of how I think about my life - I realized that I needed to take responsibility for creating the life I want.

main or most important

of the best quality

prime(a) (C2)

prime example This is a prime example of 1930s architecture.

the prime suspect in a murder investigation

The hotel is in a prime location in the city centre.

working in the most active and difficult parts of a job or business

in the trenches

The boss understands the difficulties we face here in the trenches.

He's a salesman with 30 years of in-the-trenches experience.

furthest towards the north of an area

northernmost

Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of Canada.

not noticed or praised for hard work, courage, or great achievements

unsung (a)

an unsung hero/heroine

Many of her achievements went unsung until after her death.

in a way that uses exactly the same words as were originally used

verbatim (adv)

I don’t think I will read the whole thing verbatim to you.

She had an amazing memory and could recall verbatim quite complex conversations.

immediately

(right) off the bat(idiom) (US)

You can't expect to be accepted in a new town right off the bat.

to hit a person or animal hard many times as a punishment

thrash (v)

His father used to thrash him when he was a boy.

He thrashed the horse with his whip.

someone who treats a particular group of people cruelly

persecutor (n)

The country's native people rose up against their persecutors.

The clergy were the main persecutors of witches in the Middle Ages.

the parties, meals, and other social activities with which people celebrate a special occasion

festivities (n)

join the festivities Come in and join the festivities!

We took the decorations down once the festivities were over.

completely

through and through

My mother is Irish through and through.

a delay

holdup (n) (informal)

Come on, let's go. What's the holdup?

faster than the speed of sound

supersonic (A)

supersonic airliner

supersonic flight

supersonic speed

feeling silly, happy, and excited and showing this in your behaviour

giddy (A)
giddy with She was giddy with excitement.