Brain bee part 4

Primary somatosensory cortex(S1)

• Broadmann area 1, 2, and 3

• Touch and sensory perception

Primary motor cortex(M1)

• Broadmann area 4

• Voluntary motor control

Superior parietal lobule

• Broadmann area 5

• Identification of objects based in somatosensory cues (stereognosis)

Premotor;supplemental motor

• Broadmann area 6

• Limb movement planning

Posterior parietal association area

• Broadmann area 7

• Integration of visual and motor

Frontal eye fields

• Broadmann area 8

• Visual perception and motor, saccades?

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

• High order executive functions

• Broadmann area 9, and 46

Anterior prefrontal cortex

High order executive functions

Broadmann area 10

Orbitofrontal area

• Broadmann area 11 and 12

• Emotion, decision making

Insular cortex (or insula)

• Broadmann area 13, 14 and 16

• Emotion, empathy, taste, homeostasis

Anterior temporal lobe

• Broadmann area 15

• Social knowledge and memories

Primary visual cortex (V1)

• Broadmann area 17

• Vision, pattern recognition

Secondary visual cortex (V2)

• Broadmann area 18

• Vision, illusion contours

Associative visual cortices

• Broadmann area 19

• Vision, colour, motion, depth

Inferior temporal gyrus

• Broadmann area 20

• Visual memory, face perception

Middle temporal gyrus

• Broadmann area 21

• Visual memory, emotional recognition

Superior temporal gyrus

• Broadmann area 22

• Language comprehension, attention, hearing

Posterior circulate cortex

• Broadmann area 23 and 31

• Emotions

Anterior cingulate cortex

• Broadmann area 24, 32 and 33

• Emotions, attention, decision making

Subgenual area

• Broadmann area 25

• Inhibition of emotion, decision making

Ectosplenial area

• Broadmann area 26

• Emotions

Presubiculum

• Broadmann area 27

• Emotions, head direction

Entorhinal cortex

• Broadmann area 28 and 34

• Memory, navigation, smell, emotions

Retrospinal cortex

• Broadmann area 29 and 30

• Memory, navigation

Perirhinal cortex

• Broadmann area 35 and 36

• Perception, memory

Fusiform gyrus

• Broadmann area 37

• Facial processing, perception

Temporopolar area

• Broadmann area 38

• Socio-emotional processing, smell

Angular gyrus

• Broadmann area 39

• Reading, speech, perception

Supramarginal gyrus

• Broadmann area 40

• Language perception and processing

Auditory cortex (A1)

• Broadmann area 41 and 42

• Hearing

Gustatory cortex

• Broadmann area 43

• Taste

Broca's area

• Beoadmann area 44, 45, 47

• Language, movement planning, cognition

Retrosubicular area

• Broadmann area 48

• Memory

Parasubicular area

• Broadmann area 49

• Navigation

Parainsular area

• Brodmann area 52

• Processes se sensory info and memory

Maybe add more to these like if u diet understand the function add it and maybe say what

What is a broadmann area? How can knew structure be multiple broadmann areas? How did Korbinian Broadmann (German neurologist) come up with this idea?

It refers to a region of the cerebral cortex that is defined based on its cytoarchitectural charcaterisitcs

Location of broadmann areas

Loudness- include pain threshold and conversation

Pain threshold was 130 dB

Conversation 65 dB

Frequency-include the range of human hearing

20 hertz to 20 kilohertz

Magnetic field-include strength of an fMRI machine

5 tesla

Capacitance-what is it and the capacitance in a neuron

• The ability of a component or circuit to collect and store energy in the form of an electrical charge

• Measured in Farad (F)

• The capacitance in a neuron is 100 picofarads

Conductance

• Conductance thru a single ion channel is 10 picosiemens

• Measured in Siemens

Resistance

• Measured in Ohms

• Typical input resistance of a neuron is 5 picoamps

Current

• Measured in Amperes (A)

• Current passing thru a single ion channel is 5 picoamps

Electrical potential

Measured in volts

• Charge of a typical neuron is -70 millivolts

Temeprature

1. Celcius (C)

   • Freezing point of water is 0 Celcius or 273 Kelvin

2. Kelvin (K)

   • Typical body temp. is 37 degrees celcius or 310 Kelvin

Concentration

• Measured in Moalr (M)

• Calcium ion concentration in a cell is 100 nanomolar

• Sodium ion cocnen. in ACSF-140 milliimolar

Velocity

Meters per second-m/s

• Speed of slow action potential propagatio is 0.1 m/s

• Speed of fast action potential propagation is 100 m.s

Time

Measured in Seconds (s)

• Duration of an action potential is 2 milliseconds

Weight

Measured in grams (g)

• Wieght of typical brain is 1.3 kg

• Weight of typical grown adult human is 70 kg

Volume

Measured in Litres (L)

• Volume of cytoplasm in a single spin (?-what is that) is 0.1 femtoliters

• Volume of CSF in ventricles is 150 milliliters

Length

• Measured in meters (m)

• Length of wavelength of visible light: 500 nanometers

• Length of a typical neuron: 20 micrometers

• Height of a typical human: 1.7 meters

How long is a synapse?

20 nanometers-(1 billion of a meter=one nanometer i think)

What is the diameter of a neuron?

10 micrometers (1 millionth of a meter i think)

How long does an action potential last?

2 milliseconds- (1 is a thousandth of a second)

How tall is the average human?

1.7 meters

What is the highest pitch humans can hear?

20 kilohertz- (kilo= so a thousand hertz i think)

How many synapses in the brain?

Over 150 trillion

The brain-include how long, tall, the volume, function, weight (adult), and how much of the body’s total energy expenditure it uses

• Main organ where movement originates along with thoughts, consciousness, etc.

• 160 mm (or 6 inches) long and 90 mm (or 3.5 inches) tall

Volume:

• 1400 cubic cm-or 1/3 of a gallon

Weight (adult brain):

• 1.5 kg (31 lbs.)

Uses up to 1/5 of the body’s total energy expenditure

What 2 nerves branch from each section of the SC?

1. Afferent (Incoming to CNS)

   • Sensory nerve roots-sensations go to brain

   • Branch from dorsal side

2. Efferent (outgoing from CNS)

   • Motor nerve roots-brain tells body to move

   • Branch from ventral side

These 2 branches meet and extend away from SC, and after merging, are called the spinal nerves