Geoscience Labs Review

Practice flashcards based on lecture notes covering various geoscience topics including the expanding universe, the HR diagram, and various types of rocks and weather measurement.

What does a balloon represent in the model of the expanding universe?

The universe expanding.

What do the red dots represent when modeling the expansion of the universe?

Galaxies.

When dots (galaxies) start out close together, how do they move apart compared to those that start farther apart?

They move apart faster.

When drawing a light wave in the context of expanding universe, do the wavelengths expand or shrink?

Expand.

As light waves expand, what direction does the light shift on the electromagnetic spectrum?

Red shift.

What does the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram compare?

Luminosity vs. temperature of stars.

Name the groups of stars identified in the HR Diagram.

Dwarf stars, main sequence, giants, super giants

Be able to recognize the different types of galaxies. List them.

Spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, irregular.

What is the order of planets in the solar system?

From the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

What type of boundaries create the crust?

Divergent boundaries.

What are the three types of convergent boundaries?

Ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, continent-continent.

Which types of earthquakes occur at convergent boundaries?

Shallow, intermediate, and deep earthquakes.

What do transform boundaries not create?

volcanoes

What are some properties used to identify minerals?

Luster, hardness, cleavage, streak, magnetic properties.

What ways do you identify igneous rocks?

Texture (e.g., phaneritic, aphanitic, vesicular) and composition

What type of rock can be clastic, chemical, biochemical, or organic?

Sedimentary rocks

What defines metamorphic rocks?

They can be foliated or nonfoliated.

What is an example of soil composition measured in labs?

Soil color, mineral matter, organic matter.

Differentiate between manmade and natural resources.

Manmade resources are created by humans; natural resources occur naturally.

What are the components of a petroleum system?

Source rock, migration pathway, reservoir rock, seal, trap.

What does porosity refer to in groundwater?

The amount of empty space in a material.

Name two types of aquifers.

Unconfined aquifer and confined aquifer.

What are the elements of weather that need to be measured?

Temperature, humidity, relative humidity, dew point, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind.

How is wind direction reported?

 anemometer

What temperature measurements are needed to determine relative humidity and dew point?

Dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures.