USH unit 3

slave trade compromise

delayed federal regulation of slave trade

democracy

government where citizens have power through representatives

shay’s rebellion

uprising is Mass, opposing tax and debt (1786-1781)

confederation

loose organization of parts. 

constitutional convention

1787 meeting where constitution was written

fedralism

division between state and fed. enumerated, concurrent and reserved.

republic

people elect representatives to make decisions on their part

poplar soverighty

people hold all the power

separation of powers

3 branches

check and balances

each branch can limit the power of anothers

limited powers

prevents abuse of power

individual liberties 

right you are born with

legislative branch

make laws

senate

• 100 members, 2 per state

• 30yrs old + citizen 9yrs

• term is 6 yrs

House of representatives 

• 435(max) members, 1 for every 10,000

• 25yrs old + citizen 7yrs

• term is 2 yrs

delegated/expressed/enumerated

powers given to congress by constitution

delegated/expressed/enumerated powers

• make rules for state militias

• borrow money on the credit of the USA

• punish counterfeiters

• maintain the armed forces

implied powers/ elastic clause

not written but “necessary and proper”

concurrent powers

shared by state and federal government

• set up courts

• taxes

reserved powers

powers reserved to the states

cenus

how they count population

• every 10 yrs

quorum

minimum # of people to conduct business 

speaker of house

leader of house of rep

VP

leader of senate

President Pro Tempore

acts as senate leader when vp is absent

immunity

protection from certain legal actions made during duties

impeachment

formal charge against formal officer

conviction

found guilty of after the impeachment trial

habeus corpus

cant charge a serious crime without evidence

ex post facto

law punishing a crime committed before a law was made 

bill of attenders

law punishing a person without a trial

export taxes

only allowed in form of tarrif

patent

protection of creators ideas

adjournment 

suspension of legislative session

“advice and consent”

senate approval for treaties and appointments

15th amendment

prohibits use of race when determining votes

17th amendment

direct election of the U.S senators (people)

20th amendment

changes inauguration date to the 1st Monday in Janurary

24th amendment

outlawed poll tax being a requirement

26th amendment

voting age lowered to 18

27th amendment

limits congressional pay raises till next election

executive branch

enforce laws

pocket veto

occurs when president ignores a bill for 10 days and the congress adjures

succession

order of replacing president if they cannot serve

magic # to win

270 electoral votes

state of union adress

annual speech president gives to congress

pardon

formal forgivness for a crime

commutation

change of punishment of a crime

diplomacy

managing international relations 

12th amendment

one vote for president and one for VP

22nd amendment

limits president to 2 terms

23rd amendment

gives DC electoral votes

25th amendment

president succession and disability procedures

judicial branch

interpret the laws

discrit courts

• lowest

• trial courts where federal cases begin

• criminal and civil cases Ex: bank robbery

court of appeals

• middle

• review the decisions

• appeals cause bc they think their conviction was unfair

supreme court

• highest

• final court

• interprets constitution and decides if laws are unconstitutional 

jurisdiction

right to hear a case and make a decision on it

original jurisdiction

right to hear a case for the first time

appellate jurisdiction

courts hears a case after its already been heard

treason

crime against own nation

extradition

returning a fugitive back to the state where the crime was committed

full faith and credit clause

states must honor others states laws

amend

change or add to consitution

federalist 

supported the central gov

anit-fedralists

scared or opposed central gov

ratification

approval of constitution