MULTIPLE CHOICE KNOWLEDGE - HISTORY FINAL

Gilded Age - Push and Pull factors and how it affected the Gilded age

Push factors:

• compelled people to leave their homes (famine, war, etc)

Pull factors:

• Draw people to a new place (economic opportunity, religious freedom, land, employment, etc.)

How it affected the Gilded age:

• These two factors led to the legal immigration of the immigrants changing the demographic patterns in the US by leading to a rise in immigration

Gilded Age - Worker + Working Conditions

• Woking conditions were very bad for many people

  • low wages

  • long hours

  • sweatshops were created

  • Kids + women were working

  • Protests against these working conditions

Gilded Age - Child Labor

• since women had more opportunities for jobs, they pursued them but hasd to also keep responsibility of a child so they just took them with them to work and made them work also to help the family more

• mainly in factories which means the kids had to work as factories usually - really dangerous

• kept many kids from the age of 10-16 from going to school

• led to legislation to keep children from working

Gilded Age - Urbanization (moving to city)

• the creation of railroad lines led more access to the city - people became interested to live there

  • job + entrepreneurial opportunities also

  • middle class w/ better opportunity

• bigger opportunities for (educated) women

• school for kids

Gilded Age - Immigration

• more diverse immigrants and increase of them also (more opportunity)

  • ‘new’ immigrants were Catholic or Jewish

• uncertain futures + poverty

• rough conditions getting to America (steerage of the ships)

• Chinese immigrants held back a lot at Angel island when coming to USA

• Ellis Island for other immigrants

• Americanization for immigrants

• ethnic neighborhoods

• nativism + racism from Americans

Gilded Age - Chinese Exclusion Act

• 1882

• prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers

• limited civil rights of Chinese immigrants already in the US

• Chinese immigrants can’t become citizens

Gilded Age - Progressivism

• Leaders came from all political parties, social classes, ethnic groups, and religions

• Most were in middle class w/ power and influence

• believed industrialization + urbanization caused social + political problems

  • Unsanitary city conditions

  • Poor accommodations for the poor

  • Women’s suffrage

  • inflation in business

• Educated leaders should use modern idea and scientific techniques to improve society

• Encourages Americanization to help immigrants

Gilded Age - WEB Dubois + Booker T Washington

Both:

• Civil Rights activists

• African American leader

• Disagreed with the others’ ideas

WEB DuBois:

• Mostly concerned about the South - where black men were denied the ability to vote

• Said that African Americans should immediately demand all rights guaranteed by the Constitution

• Believed that talented black people should be educated

Booker T Washington:

• Told black people to move slowly toward racial progress

  • Working hard

  • Waiting patiently

• In doing this, African Americans would gradually gain respect + be able to have their full voting and citizenship rights

Gilded Age - Mass Culture

• similar culture patterns in society as a result of the spread of transportation, communication, and advertising

• Rich and poor considered equal in terms of what they could buy + own (though quality wasn’t the same)

What was the Gilded age ?

• Term Created by Mark Twain

• Post-reconstruction era

• Facade of prosperity

Imperialism - Social Darwinism

• belief that life consists of competitive struggles which only the fittest can survive

• Nation + races were more superior to others

• America believed in this because the believe that God granted them the right + responsibility to settle the frontier

  • Manifest Destiny - Americas goal to expand to the Pacific Ocean

What was imperialism?

• Strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories

• US used this tactic

  • Desire to take its place on world stage

    • led to territorial expression + larger influence

Imperialism - Annexation of Hawaii

• US annexes hawaii (President Harrison)

• After Liluokalais overthrow

• majority of the Hawaiian people did not approve

Imperialism - “Big Stick“diplomacy

• Rosevelts policy

• creating and using (when necessary) military to achieve americas goals

Imperialism - Moral Diplomacy

• statement by wilson woodrow

• US wont force to assert influence in the world

• instead - promote human rights

WWI - US Neutrality

• President Wilson wanted to keep peace in america

• US remained in neutrality as much as they could

WWI - Why did the US get involved

• The sinking of the Lusitania (unarmed and unresisting) by Germany

• Zimmerman note - if US declared war on Germany - Mexico should do the same to US

WWI - When did the US get involved

US declared war on April 6th, 1917

WWI - Great Migration

• movement of African Americans from rural south to industrial north (“land of hope”)

• Push factors - lynching, jim crow laws, etc.

• Pull - economic opportunities

WWI - League of Nations

• Org. where countries gathered + peacefully resolve quarrels

• American people favored it

• Controversey of the treaty of versaille

• US opps of the of the Treaty objected the league

WWI - Women in WWI

• Women joined workforce

• Women opposed war

• Supported war efforts

1920’s - First red scare

• wave of fear of suspected communists + radical thought to be planning revolution in the US

• Revolutionary activity

  • threats + murder attempts to industialists + gov officials

  • weapons

  • raids

  • labor strikes

1920’s - nativism

• people preferred native-born americans to immigrants

• strict policies for immigrants

  • literacy test on their own language

  • immigration dropped during war

• believed immigrants dimished US’s political + economic power

• Social Darwinism + eugenics

1920’s - immigration quotas

• govern immigrants from specific countries

• Quota system

  • Emergency quota act of 1921

  • National origins act 1924

    • immigrants of a nationality couldn’t exceed 2% of population in US in 1890 (before immigration wave)

1920’s - henry ford + model T

• Henry Ford - created cars

  • revolutionized production, wages, working conditions, and daily life

  • led to explosive growth in economy

  • brought mass production to new heights

• model T

  • reliable + affordable to the average Americans

  • as production became easier - the price was decreased even more + the car became even more accessible

1920’s - women in the 1920s

• women challenged political, economic, social, and educational boundaries

  • prove their being vital outside the house

• New Women publishing

• Flapper - women who wore stuff outside the norm

• First women in political offices

• 19th ammendment - women’s suffrage

1920’s - jim crow laws

• African Americans faced segregation in the south

  • where Jim crow laws were put in place

  • enforced segregation was a way of life

• jim crow laws limited the rights of african americans

1920’s - harlem renaissance

• Harlem - area that attracted many black artists of all kinds

  • increased culture expression of african americans

    • pains and joys of being black in america

1920’s - prohibition

• banning of alcohol use

  • led to hypocrisy and organized crime

1920’s - buying on credit

• people who couldnt pay in cash could pay on credit

• Installment buying

  • down payments - monthly till covered completely

• Buying on margin

  • Investors

    • 10% to a broker

      • oays rest of the stock over the next couple of months

1930’s - Isolationism

• (guess) US isolates themselves from other nations or any relation with them to avoid getting into any conflicts

  • this could lead to a potential conflicts that could drag America into a war with other nations

1930’s - Dust Bowl

• central + southern Great plains

  • suffered from droughts and dust storms

  • killed animals + affected peoples health

  • farms affected - people began to flee

1930’s - franklin Roosevelt + new deal

• New deal

  • Programs and legislation enacted by Franklin Roosevelt during great depression

    • promote economic recovery and social reform - claimed gov. needed to get involved to help

    • led to Roosevelt getting elected as depression became worse

1930’s - herbert hoover

• known for his victorious and inspiring speeches that portrayed hope for the future

  • prosperity, less poverty, continuation of republican gov.

  • but as time went on - nothing went according to his vision when things got worse

1930’s - goals of the new deal

• Relief from immediate hardships of depression

• long-term economic recovery

• reforms to prevent future depressions

1930’s - totalitarianism

• gov. where a single party/ leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people

• people have no individual rights

• gov. controls media

• in this age due to desperation by great depression

1930’s - appeasement

• policy that granted concessions to a potential enemy in hope that peace can be maintained

  • france + britain against aggressive nations

  • appeased facist powers

WWII - Attack on pearl harbor

• Japanese attacked military base in Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941

• very destructive + many casualties

• Led to America’s declaration of war on Japan and Germany + Italy’s declaration of war on America

WWII - economic effects of WWII

• US dollar was made the standard

• reconstructing world economy

• Established international monetary fund + world bank

  • fostered global economic and financial stability

• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

  • expand world trade by reducing tariffs \

  • Replaced by World Trade Org, (WTO) in 1995

WWII - Japanese internment

• Internment - temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group

  • War Dept. ordered this

  • Japanese Americans treated harshly and imprisoned

  • sent to camps

    • affected them mentally, emotionally, and physically (food shortages, living conditions, etc.)

WWII - African americans in WWII

• Hoped for better job opportunities during the war

• jobs provided by gov. + military were segregated

• A. Phillip Randolph

  • African Americans would no longer accept 2nd class citizenship

  • Roosevelt - Executive Order 8802

    • fair hiring practices - helped African Americans a lot

WWII - Cold War rivals

• Rivalry between US and Soviet Union (worldwide)

• US

  • free elections, economic + religious freedom, private property, and respect for individual differences

• Soviet Union

  • Dictatorship

  • Was believed to have been planning “world conquest”

WWII - Women in WWII

• Women joined the (regular) army

  • received the same benefits as men

• Nurse corps

  • put their lives on the line to help during the war

• Many women joined the navy also