Chapter 11 - Endocrine System

The endocrine system consists of glands that

a.

release chemicals into ducts

b.

release chemicals carried by the blood

c.

release chemicals into body cavities

d.

all of the above

B

Hormones are not a major regulator of

a.

metabolism

b.

blood pH

c.

voluntary muscle movement

d.

both b and c above

C

Second messengers are important in the functioning of

a.

nonsteroid hormones

b.

steroid hormones

c.

carbohydrate hormones

d.

both b and c above

A

Nonsteroid hormones have hormone receptors in the

a.

nucleus of the cell

b.

cytoplasm of the cell

c.

cell membrane

d.

both a and c above

C

Nonsteroid hormones

a.

cause protein synthesis in the cell

b.

can cause the formation of cAMP

c.

have hormone receptors in the nucleus of the cell

d.

both a and c above

B

Steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the

a.

nucleus of the cell

b.

cytoplasm of the cell

c.

cell membrane

d.

both a and c above

A

Steroid hormones

a.

cause protein synthesis in the cell

b.

can cause the formation of cAMP

c.

require a second messenger to function

d.

both b and c above

A

Hormones

a.

can use positive feedback mechanisms

b.

can use negative feedback mechanisms

c.

do not use feedback mechanisms for regulation

d.

both a and b above

D

The anterior pituitary

a.

is called the neurohypophysis

b.

is called the adenohypophysis

c.

secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

d.

both a and c above

B

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

a.

is secreted by the neurohypophysis

b.

is secreted by the adenohypophysis

c.

stimulates the release of thyroid hormone

d.

both b and c above

D

The anterior pituitary secretes

a.

TSH

b.

oxytocin

c.

ADH

d.

all of the above

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

a.

is produced by the posterior pituitary gland

b.

is called the ovulating hormone

c.

stimulates the primary ovarian follicle to develop

d.

all of the above

C

The posterior pituitary gland releases

a.

ADH

b.

ACTH

c.

TSH

d.

both b and c above

A

Oxytocin

a.

is released by the posterior pituitary gland

b.

stimulates uterine contraction

c.

uses a positive feedback mechanism

d.

all of the above

D

ADH

a.

is released by the hypothalamus

b.

is made by the pituitary gland

c.

increases the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney

d.

all of the above

C

The thyroid gland

a.

is unique because it does not store the hormones it makes

b.

is found in the neck

c.

requires calcium to produce its hormone

d.

all of the above

B

The thyroid gland produces

a.

T3

b.

T4

c.

calcitonin

d.

all of the above

D

Calcitonin causes

a.

an increase in the blood concentration of calcium

b.

a breakdown in the bone matrix

c.

a decrease in the blood concentration of calcium

d.

both a and b above

C

The parathyroid hormone

a.

has the opposite effect of calcitonin

b.

is made in the thyroid gland

c.

causes a decrease in blood concentration of calcium

d.

all of the above

A

Aldosterone

a.

increases gluconeogenesis

b.

is produced in the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

c.

is a mineralocorticoid

d.

both a and c above

C

Aldosterone

a.

increases blood sodium levels

b.

decreases blood sodium levels

c.

increases blood potassium levels

d.

both b and c above

A

Aldosterone has its effects mainly on the cells of the

a.

intestine

b.

stomach

c.

liver

d.

kidney

D

Cortisol

a.

has the opposite effect of aldosterone

b.

is made in the outer zone of the adrenal cortex

c.

stimulates gluconeogenesis

d.

all of the above

C

Cortisol

a.

is made in the middle zone of the adrenal cortex

b.

is a glucocorticoid

c.

has an anti-immunity effect

d.

all of the above

D

Androgens, which are similar to testosterone, are

a.

secreted by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

b.

secreted by the middle zone of the adrenal cortex

c.

secreted by the outer zone of the adrenal cortex

d.

not secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

Epinephrine

a.

is released by the inner zone of the adrenal cortex

b.

reinforces the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system

c.

is released in response to stress

d.

both a and b above

C

Glucagon

a.

is released by pancreatic beta cells

b.

accelerates liver glycogenolysis

c.

causes a drop in blood glucose levels

d.

all of the above

B

Insulin

a.

is made by beta cells in the pancreas

b.

has the opposite effect of glucagon

c.

decreases the blood glucose level

d.

all of the above

D

A decrease in insulin production

a.

usually causes type 1 diabetes mellitus

b.

will stimulate the release of growth hormone

c.

is usually the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus

d.

both a and c above

A

The ovary secretes

a.

FSH

b.

estrogen

c.

LH

d.

all of the above

B

The corpus luteum secretes mostly

a.

progesterone but some estrogen

b.

estrogen but some progesterone

c.

estrogen but some FSH

d.

progesterone but some FSH

A

Testosterone is

a.

produced by the prostate gland

b.

produced by the interstitial cells of the testes

c.

the masculinizing hormone

d.

both b and c above

D

The thymus gland

a.

is located in the neck

b.

produces thymosin

c.

is important in the development of red blood cells

d.

both a and b above

B

The placenta releases

a.

chorionic gonadotropins

b.

progesterone

c.

estrogen

d.

all of the above

D

The pineal gland is

a.

located in the neck

b.

located in the mediastinum

c.

sometimes called the "third eye"

d.

both b and c above

C

Nonsteroid hormones can be made of

a.

proteins

b.

carbohydrates

c.

nucleic acids

d.

all of the above

A

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nonsteroid hormone?

a.

It attaches to a receptor on the cell membrane.

b.

It causes protein synthesis to occur.

c.

It can use cAMP as a second messenger.

d.

All of the above are characteristics of a nonsteroid hormone.

B

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a steroid hormone?

a.

The receptor is in the nucleus of the cell.

b.

It causes protein synthesis to occur.

c.

It uses cAMP as a second messenger.

d.

It can pass through the cell membrane.

C

Which of the following is not a function of luteinizing hormone?

a.

It stimulates the growth of an egg follicle in the ovary.

b.

It causes ovulation of the egg.

c.

It causes the testes to secrete testosterone.

d.

All of the above are functions of luteinizing hormone.

D

Lactogenic hormone is another name for

a.

prolactin

b.

oxytocin

c.

growth hormone

d.

estrogen

A

In order for T4 to be produced, the diet must contain sufficient amounts of

a.

calcium

b.

iodine

c.

iron

d.

sulfur

B

The hormone that has the opposite function of calcitonin is

a.

parathyroid hormone

b.

T3

c.

T4

d.

insulin

A

Aldosterone has an impact on the concentration of which substance in the blood?

a.

Glucose

b.

Potassium

c.

Sodium

d.

Both b and c above

D

The hormone that seems to influence how fat is metabolized in the body is

a.

leptin

b.

ANH

c.

ADH

d.

melatonin

A

The hormone that helps regulate the body's internal clock is

a.

leptin

b.

ANH

c.

ADH

d.

melatonin

D

Exocrine glands do not

a.

release their products into ducts

b.

empty into a surface or cavity

c.

stimulate receptors in target cells

d.

all of the above are characteristics of exocrine glands

C

The posterior pituitary gland

a.

is also called the neurohypophysis

b.

produces TSH

c.

releases several tropic hormones

d.

all of the above are true of the posterior pituitary gland

A

Which of the following is not a tropic hormone?

a.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

b.

Prolactin

c.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

d.

Luteinizing hormone

B

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a hyposecretion of

a.

insulin

b.

glucagon

c.

aldosterone

d.

ADH

D

The G protein

a.

works with steroid hormones

b.

works with nonsteroid hormones

c.

assists in the process of protein synthesis after steroid hormone attachment

d.

both a and c above

B

Nitric oxide

a.

is a second messenger

b.

is a new discovered hormone

c.

causes the release of G protein

d.

forms cyclic AMP

A

Which of the following is not true of prostaglandins?

a.

They are called tissue hormones.

b.

They are typical hormones.

c.

They influence activities of nearby cells.

d.

All of the above are true of prostaglandins.

B

Which of the following is not a class of prostaglandins?

a.

PGB

b.

PGA

c.

PGE

d.

All of the above are classes of prostaglandins

A

This endocrine gland is not in the brain

a.

the adenohypophysis

b.

the thymus gland

c.

the pineal gland

d.

all of the above are in the brain

B

Prostaglandins, along with several other tissue hormones such as leukotrienes and thromboxane, are sometimes called

a.

pancreatic agents

b.

androgens

c.

corticoids

d.

paracrine agents

D