Chapter 4 Vocab.

Nucleus

organelle that controls all the activities of a cell that contains heredity material made of proteins and DNA; positively charged, central part of an atom

Mitosis

Cell process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei identical to each other, and identical to the original nucleus, in a series of steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)

Chromosome

Structure in a cell’s nucleus that contains heredity material

Asexual reproduction

a type of reproduction — fission, budding and regeneration— in which a new organism is produced from one organism and had DNA identical to the parent organism

Organism

any living thing

Sexual Reproduction

a type of reproduction in which two sex cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a zygote, which will develop into a new organism with a unique identity

Sperm

haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs

Egg

haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs

Fertilization

in sexual reproduction, the joining of a sperm and egg

Zygote

new diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg: will divided by mitosis and develop into a new organism

Diploid

cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs

Haploid

cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells

Meiosis

reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell and insures offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material of all organisms; made up of two twisted strands of sugar phosphate molecules and nitrogen bases

Gene

section of DNA on a chromosomes that contains instructions from making specific proteins

RNA

ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Mutation

any permanent change in a gene or chromosome in a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an orginisom

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring