Anatomy and Physiology - Tissues

Simple Squamous epithelium

-epithelium

-found in alveoli and vessel lining

-supports gas exchange and filtration, rapid exchange

Simple Cuboidal epithelium

-line lumen, commonly form ring around open space

-kidney tubules and small glands

-supports active transport and secretion

Simple Columnar epithelium

-one layer of tall cells with oval nuclei near basal surface

-microvilli increase SA

-may contain goblet cells which secrete mucus

-digestive tract

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

-nuclei occur at different heights

-often have cilia and goblet cells in respiratory tract

-trachea and bronchi

-cilia helps move mucus toward throat

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

-flattened, many layers

-apical cells become flattened

-keratinized tissue forms epidermis, nonkeratinized lines moist passages

-protects sites exposed to friction

-esophagus, v*gina, skin

transitional epithelium

-several layers form flexible lining

-as organ (bladder) fills, the surface cells flatten

-bladder and ureters

areolar connective tissue

-loose collagen and elastic fibers cross in multiple directions

-fibroblast nuclei appear among open ground substance

-common beneath epithelia and around vessels

-binds tissues while allowing nutrients and wastes to move

adipose connective tissue

-contain a lipid droplet lost during preparation

-nucleus pushed to the edge

-cells resemble empty rings

-found under skin and around organs

reticular connective tissue

-branching reticular ribers create supporting network

-free cells fill the spaces within the network

-lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver

-supports immune and blood-forming cells

dense regular connective tissue

-parallel collagen bundles resist tension from one direction

-poorly vascularized

-withstands strong pulling stress and keeps joints stable

-tendons and ligaments

dense irregular connective tissue

-interwoven collagen bundles resist tension from many directions

-skin, submucosa, bone and cartilage coverings

elastic connective tissue

-dense elastic fibers stretch and recoil

-lungs, aorta, large blood vessels

hyaline cartilage

-glassy matrix w few visible fibers

-lacunae

-support and cushioning

-avascular

-found at the ends of our bones in joints

elastic cartilage

-dark elastic fibers provide flexible support

-ears

-bends and returns to original shape

-epiglottis

fibrocartilage

-thick collagen bundles resist compression and absorb shock

-intervertebral discs

-meniscus

osseous (bone) connective tissue

-concentric osteons form a dense mineralize matric

-form shaft of long bones

-Rigid, calcified matrix that supports and protects the body

spongy bone connective tissue

-trabeculae surround marrow spaces without complete osteons

-pores

blood connective tissue

-cells circulate in fluid plasma for transport and defense

skeletal muscle tissue

-long parallel striated fibers that run in the same direction

-alternating light and dark bands

-multiple nuclei near cell periphery

-voluntary control attached to bones

cardiac muscle tissue

-branched, striated fibers with intercalated discs

-involuntary

-heart

-one nucleus

smooth muscle tissue

-spindle shaped

-nonstriated

-involuntary

-organs, bvs

nervous tissue

-responds to stimuli and conduct electrical signals

-cell processes extend from large cell bonds

-neuroglial cells support neurons

-brain, spinal cord, nerves