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genera adaptation syndrome
in response to trauma, we go through alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
tend-and-befriend response
under stress, people pond with others and seek support
coronary heart disease
clogging of vessels that nourish the heart
type A person
hard-driving, impatient, aggressive
type B person
easygoing and relaxed
catharsis
idea that releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges
adaptation-level phenomenon
we form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by prior experience
relative deprivation
perception that we are worse off than others who we compare ourselves to
broaden-and-build theory
positive emotions broaden our awareness which helps us build meaningful skills
medical model
concept that diseases can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through treatment
diathesis-stress model
concept that genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
person is continually tense and in a state of arousal
panic disorder
unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread or terror
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations where one could panic
major depressive disorder
a depressed mood for 2+ weeks
persistent depressive disorder
a depressed mood for 2+ years
bipolar 1 disorder
most severe form where people experience mania for a week
mania
a hyperactive state
bipolar 2 disorder
less severe form with milder mania
rumination
compulsive overthinking
schizophrenia spectrum
group of disorders with delusions and disorganized speech and actions
psychotic disorders
disorders marked by distorted perception
chronic diseases
symptoms appear in late adolescence and are harder to recover from
acute diseases
can begin at any age and is likely to occur in responseto a traumatic event, easier to recover from
dissociative disorders
characterized by a person separating from their memories and feelings
dissociative identity disorder
where a person has 2+ distinct alternating identities
antisocial personality disorder
where one has no conscience for wrongdoing
anorexia
a person maintains a starvation diet and has an inaccurate self-perception
bulimia nervosa
binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight loss behavior
psychoanalysis
Freud’s technique of free associations
eclectic approach
uses techniques from various forms of therapy
psychodynamic therapy
views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences
insight therapies
aims to improve psuchological functioning by increasing awareness of underlying motives
counterconditioning
evokes new responses to stimuli that was previously triggering unwanted behaviors
systematic desensitization
associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
aversive conditioning
associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
rational-emotive behavior therapy
vigorously challenges people’s self-defeating attitudes
cognitive-behavorial therapy
combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing behavior
therapeutic alliance
trust between therapist and client
psychopharmacology
study of effect of drugs on the mind and behavior
antipsychotic drugs
treats schizophrenia and other sever thought disorders
ECT
a brief electric current is sent through the brain
TMS
repeated pulses are applied to the brain to stimulate or suppress brain activity
psychosurgery
removes or destroys brain tissue
lobotomy
calms uncontrollably emotional or violent patients by cutting nerves connecting frontal lobes to emotion-controlling centers
disassociation
a split in consciousness allows different thoughts to occur simultaneously