Manifest Destiny & A Distinct American Culture

Study Guide For Test 5.11.23

## Sam Houston

### An American Texan who led forces against Mexico and became the 1st President of the Republic of Texas.

## Stephen F. Austin

### He brought the first 297 American families into Tejas (Texas) under the impresario system.

## Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

### The Mexican leader served as a General in the Mexican army and as the President of Mexico during the War for Texas Independence and came out of exile to defend Mexico City during the US war with Mexico.

## James Polk

### The eleventh President of the U.S. who ran on the campaign promise of Manifest Destiny.

## Zachary Taylor

### Nicknamed "Old Rough and Ready," this General invaded Mexico from the North and pushed Santa Anna and his troops southward, and would later become the twelfth President of the United States.

## Mexican Cession from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

### Area D

## Tejanos

### A person of Mexican descent living in Texas.

## Texians

### A Texan of American descent.

## Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

### The treaty in which the United States paid $15 million for the modern-day states of California, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

## Manifest Destiny

### The nineteenth-century belief that America had a God-given right to extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

## The Alamo

### The battle in which Davy Crocket, Jim Bowie and almost all the Texan held off the Mexican army for thirteen days before all the defenders were killed.

## San Jacinto

### Santa Anna was force to sign a treaty recognizing Texas' independence after he was surprised by Houston's army and defeated at this battle.

## Become Mexican citizens, convert to Catholicism, and learn the Spanish language.

### What were the three conditions the Americans agreed to abide by when they settled in Northern Mexico?

## Joseph Smith

### Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, (Mormons)

## Gadsden Purchase

### Area J

## Brigham Young

### Mormon leader who moved his followers to Utah to practice their religion in peace

## Deseret

### Community set up by Mormons in present-day Utah.

## Polygamy

### Having more than one wife.

## Forty-niners

### People who went to California looking for Gold (They left in 1849)

## Lone Star Republic

### Name of the independent republic of Texas which last for ten years.

## Oregon Territory

### Land was split between the US and Canada. Eventually, it became the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming and Montana.

## Missionaries

### People who work to spread their religious beliefs

## Winfield Scott

### "Old Fuss and Feathers," whose conquest of Mexico City brought U.S. victory in the Mexican War.

## Oregon Territory

### Area E

## Vaqueros

### Skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in Mexico, California, and the Southwest.

## Rancheros

### Owners of huge cattle ranches

## Louisiana Purchase

### Area B

## Californios

### The elite Mexican ranchers in the province of California.

## Bear Flag Revolt

### Rebellion by Americans in 1846 against Mexican rule of California.

## John C. Fremont

### An American military officer, who led the Bear Flag Revolt and was the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.

## John Sutter

### Owner of the mill where gold was discovered that helped start the California Gold Rush

## James Marshall

### Carpenter, who discovered gold in California in 1848

## Chinese Exclusion Act

### 1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers.

## Mountain Meadows Massacre

### Mormon attack on a wagon train of non-Mormon settlers; resulted in the death of over 100 people, including children.

## Levi Strauss

### Immigrant from Germany who produced the first denim pants in San Francisco during the California Gold Rush.

## John Studebaker

### Made a fortune during the gold rush to California selling wheelbarrows to miner and later formed an automobile company.

## Missouri Compromise

### An agreement between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States, which allowed Maine to enter the union as a free state and Missouri to enter as a slave state.

## Texas Annexation

### Area C

## Compromise of 1850

### Includes California admitted as a free state, the Fugitive Slave Act, made popular sovereignty in most other territories from Mexican-American War.

## Mariano Vallejo

### A member of one of the oldest Spanish families in America taken hostage during the Bear Flag Revolt.

## James Fenimore Cooper

### American novelist who is best remembered for his novels of frontier life, such as The Last of the Mohicans.

## Noah Webster

### American lawyer and writer who wrote a dictionary to promote an American version of the English Language and American and American nationalism.

## Washington Irving

### Author who wrote "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and heavily influenced other American writers.

## Stephen Foster

### He was the greatest American song composer of the nineteenth century. Wrote many songs like, "Camp town Races," "Oh, Susanna," "Hard Times Come Again No More," "Jeanie With the Light Brown Hair," and "Old Folks at Home."

## Gilbert Stuart

### A painter whose portraits of American presidents including Washington, Jefferson, and Madison would be used as illustrations on US currency.

## Daniel Boone

### American pioneer who was one of the first to cross the Appalachians and became an American folk hero.

## Johnny Appleseed

### Pioneer who planted apple trees as he traveled throughout the U.S. An American folk hero encouraged people to plant orchards.

## John Henry

### An American folk hero who lays more railroad track than a machine and then drops dead. He embodies the values of hard work self-reliance.

## Paul Bunyan

### Giant Lumberjack who displays superhuman strength as he completed an amazing feat with his companion, a giant blue ox.

## Henry David Thoreau

### Author of "The Walden," a collection of his thoughts as he lived in a small cabin in the woods. He advocated "civil disobedience" to protest social injustice.

## Huckleberry Finn

### Mark Twain's novel about the adventures of a young boy and a slave living near the Mississippi River in the South prior to the Civil War.

## Mark Twain

### United States writer and humorist, best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.

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## My Country 'Tis of Thee

### Song taken from the British song, "God Save the King."

## Star Spangled Banner

### Poem written by Francis Scott Key set to a British drinking song, "Anacreon in Heaven."

## "Rip Van Winkle"

### Washington Irving's short story about time travel.

## "The Last of the Mohicans"

### James Fenimore Cooper's adventure tale set on the American frontier.

## "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"

### Washington Irving's tale of the ghost of a headless horseman and a school teacher.

## Davy Crockett

### Famous frontiersman, left Tennessee to help Texas fight Mexico for independence. Died at the Alamo.