A&P 2 - Exam 1 SI Test Prep #1

Calcitonin

What hormone is an antagonist to PTH?

Neurohypophysis (Posterior Pituitary)

What gland secretes a hormone that induces birth?

Epi and Norepi (Adrenaline)

What hormone increases blood pressure, respiration rate, and heart rate to induce one’s “fight or flight?”

Follicular Cells

In the Thyroid Gland, what cells produce TH?

Indirectly affects growth, directly affects metabolism

How does Growth Hormone affect the body?

Retains water

How does ADH affect the body?

Humorally - Fluid

How is Calcitonin stimulated?

Neurally

How are Epi and Norepi stimulated? (Fight or Flight, Adrenaline comes quick)

Androgen

What hormone is used as estrogen in postmenopausal women? (Weak testosterone)

IGF (Insuline growth factor)

What proteins in GH stimulate growth?

Deficiency of ADH, symptoms of excessive urination, thirst, and hunger

What deficiency causes Diabetes Insipidus? What are the symptoms?

SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate ADH)

What syndrome does too much ADH cause?

GHRH, GHIH

What is GH stimulated and inhibited by? (SH= Stimulating Hormone, RH= Releasing Hormone, IH= Inhibiting Hormone)

Adenohypophysis

What gland releases Prolactin? (Prolactin produces milk)

LH (Leutinizing Hormone)

What hormone promotes production of gonadal hormone? (Ovulation)

TRH (TRH-TSH-TH)

What is TSH stimulated by? (TSH means Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)

ACTH

Which hormone activates the Adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids? (Aldosterone is also stimulated AAS, ACTH, Adeno-, and hormonally)

Hypothalamus

Where do all “releasing” hormones come from?

Thyroid Hormone

Hyposecretion of which hormone leads to a Goiter? (Goiter caused by missing iodine)

Movement of food through the Small Intestine

Describe what Prepulsion is: (Prepulsion is another word for Digestion)

Peritoneum

Inflammation of which part of the body leads to Peritonitis?

Submucosa

What layer of the SI (Sacroiliac) contains blood/lymph vessels?

Hard palate is bone, Soft Palate is skeletal muscle

What is your hard palate made up of vs your soft palate?

In the mouth

Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates start?

Hint: Saliva contains amylase and lipase (fats)

Water

What is saliva most made up of?

Immune defenses in your saliva

What are Defensins? (Located in the saliva)

Molars

Which of your teeth are considered the best grinders?

Swallowing

What is Deglutition?

Inner oblique

What part of the stomach allows it to churn?

Vitamin B12

What is the Intrinsic Factor used to absorb?

Gastrin

What hormone do Enteroendocrine cells secrete in the stomach?

Heliobacter Pylori

What bacteria causes Gastric Ulcers?

Filters blood, gets rid of old red blood cells

What is the liver’s main function?

Store bile

What is the Gallbladder’s function? (doesn’t produce anything)

Alkaline Solution

What does Pancreatic Juice contain that neutralizes chyme?

Parietal Cells

What cell in the stomach produces HCI and Intrinsic Factors?

Pepsinogen (Turns into pepsin)

What do Chief cells produce?

Proteins, Carbs, Fats, Water, Vitamins, Minerals

Identify all 6 essential nutrients:

Energy

What is ATP?

38 ATP

How much ATP is produced per Cellular Respiration Cycle? (Electron transport = 36 + 2, Kreb’s cycle = 0)