GMU BIOL 431 Pig Practical

Thymus

Endocrine/Lymphatic

Endocrine: secrete thymosin which is responsible for T cells maturation

Lymphatic: area of T cells maturation, atrophies as you age

Adrenal Glands

Endocrine

Secrete aldosterone to increase sodium and water reabsorption

Ovary

Endocrine/Reproductive (female)

Endocrine: secrete estrogen for female reproduction for development

Reproductive: produce ova that becomes fertilized

Thyroid

Endocrine

produces T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)

Pancreas

Endocrine/Digestive

Endocrine: secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar level

Digestive: secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum to aid in chemical digestion

Testes

Endocrine/Reproductive (male)

Endocrine: secretes testosterone for male reproduction development

Reproductive: produce sperm

Heart

Cardiovascular

pumps oxygenated blood throughout body and transports deoxygenated blood to lungs

Superior Vena Cava

Cardiovascular

returns deoxygenated blood from body regions superior to diaphragm to the right atrium

Pericardium

Cardiovascular

double-layered sac that covers and protects the heart, provides friction-free environment

Brachiocephalic Veins

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from upper limbs, neck, head to heart

Inferior Vena Cava

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from body regions inferior to the heart to heart

Aortic Arch

Cardiovascular

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Common Carotid Arteries

Cardiovascular

supplies oxygenated blood to head and neck

Internal Jugular Veins

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from head and neck

Thoracic Aorta

Cardiovascular

transports oxygenated blood to organs within thoracic cavity

Subclavian Artery

Cardiovascular

carry oxygenated blood to neck and upper limbs

External Jugular Veins

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from head and neck

Abdominal Aorta

Cardiovascular

carry oxygenated blood from thoracic cavity to abdominal cavity

Renal Artery

Cardiovascular

carry oxygenated blood to kidneys

Renal Vein

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from kidneys

Umbilical Arteries

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

External Iliac Artery

Cardiovascular

carry oxygenated blood to lower limb

External Iliac Vein

Cardiovascular

carry deoxygenated blood from lower limb

Umbilical Vein

Cardiovascular

carry oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus

Spleen

Lymphatic

site of lymphocyte proliferation, immune response and surveillance, where B and T cells become immunocompetent

Salivary Glands

Digestive

3 glands that secrete saliva, aid in chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Liver

Digestive

produce bile to digest fat

Large Intestine

Digestive

water reabsorption

Pharynx

Digestive/Respiratory

Digestive: oropharynx and laryngopharynx carry food

Respiratory: nasopharynx carries air

Gallbladder

Digestive

store bile

Soft Palate

Digestive

closes nasopharynx when swallowing

Hard Palate

Digestive

involved in chewing

Esophagus

Digestive

tube that carries food from laryngopharynx to diaphragm to join stomach

Small Intestine

Digestive

chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

Rectum

Digestive

where waste materials become a solid form before being eliminated

Stomach

Digestive

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Pyloric Sphincter

Digestive

control food entry into duodenum

Mesentary

Digestive

double layered extensions of peritoneum that support organs in abdominal cavity

Facial Nerve

Nervous

mixed nerves that control facial expressions and taste

Phrenic Nerve

Nervous

supply motor and sensory nerves to diaphragm

Vagus Nerve

Nervous

major parasympathetic output to control smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Tongue

Muscular

manipulates food in mouth, assist in swallowing

Diaphragm

Muscular

contract and increase thoracic cavity during inspiration, divides thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

Masseter

Muscular

mastication

Trachea

Respiratory

windpipe, provide airflow from and into lungs

Epiglottis

Respiratory

covers opening of larynx when swallowing

Lungs

Respiratory

inhalation and exhalation, gas exchange between pulmonary capillaries

Larynx

Respiratory

houses vocal cords, role in pitch and volume

Apical Bronchus

Respiratory

carry air to right lung, 1st primary branch of bronchus

Right Primary Bronchus

Respiratory

carries air to the right lung, below apical bronchus

Left Primary Bronchus

Respiratory

carries air to left lung

Mammary Papillae

Integumentary

lactation

Genital Papillae

Integumentary

covers opening of vagina

Scrotum

Integumentary

external sac that encloses testes

Kidney

Urinary

filtrate blood and secrete impurities, produces urine

Urethra

Urinary

where urine passes from bladder to outside of body

Urinary Bladder

Urinary

muscular sac that stores urine temporarily

Ureter

Urinary

tube that carries urine from kidneys to bladder

Urogenital Sinus

Urinary/Reproductive

where the vagina and urethra empty and open to urogenital orifice

Vagina

Reproductive (female)

birth canal extending from cervix to outside of body

Uterus

Reproductive (female)

where fertilized egg develops into fetus

Uterine Horns/Tube

Reproductive (female)

transports egg from ovary to uterus

Penis

Reproductive (male)

sperm is ejaculated to fertilize ovum

Epididymis

Reproductive (male)

sperm maturation

Spermatic Cord

Reproductive (male)

preserve blood supply to testes

Bulbourethral glands

Reproductive (male)

produce mucus to neutralize acidic urine, lubricates urethra before ejaculating

Anus

Digestive

opening through which wastes leave the digestive tract

Brachiocephalic Trunk

Cardiovascular

supply oxygenated blood to head, neck, and arm regions

Peritoneum

Digestive

serous membrane that lines and covers organs in abdominal cavity