Microbiology Ch 3

*viridae*

**families** of viruses are __*italicized*__ and given what suffix

*virus*

**genera** of viruses are *italicized* and given what suffix

adsorption

binding of specific molecules on a host cell is called _________

penetration

________ is when the complete set of genes (genome) enters the hosts cell

uncoating

when the viral nucleic acid (RNA **or** DNA) is released from the capsid it is called __________

synthesis

making of capsomers and replicating of genomes viral _________ produced using host machinery

assembly

_________is when new viral particles are are constructed

exocytosis- (budding)

cell lysis- (rupture of cell releasing intracellular materials)

\

name 2 ways assembled viruses are released in viral multiplication

viruses have high ____________ when finding a susceptible host cell to attach its self too

membrane

viruses specifically to bind to the receptor sites on the ___________ of the cell

host range

the distant or measurement a virus can reach to infect other cells is called ____ _____

liver

**the host range** **(distance of infection due to proper receptors)** for hepatitis B viruses include cells of which human organ

intestine and nerve cells

the host range **(distance of infection due to proper receptors)** for poliovirus affects what cells

various

the host range **(distance of infection due to proper receptors)** for rabies affects what cells in mamals

nucleic acid

in order for animal viruses to affect host cell it must penetrant it to deliver _______ ___

fusion endocytosis

what are the two penetration methods of animal viruses ________ and __________

enveloped

only __________ viruses can enter through a cell via **fusion** (type of penetration)

fusion

When a viral envelope fuses directly with a host membrane by rearrangement of lipids it is called ________

both

endocytosis (penetration step in viral multiplication cycle ) allows which type of viruses to enter into cell

enveloped

naked

both

endocytosis

_____________ allows for the entire virus to be engulfed and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle

endocytosis

which animal virus goes through a __**uncoating**__ step when inside inside host cell

fusion

endocytosis

both

Fusion is the joining of two to create one entity envelope virus does this by making the the virus envelope and the membrane of host come together as one lipids are also rearranged

fusion (flash card)

DNA

_______ viruses are replicated and assembled in the nucleus

RNA

_____ viruses are replicated and assembled in the cytoplasm

a _______ houses viruses nucleic acid

cell lysis happens to _______________ and complex viruses

cell lysis

virus released through rupturing and causes death of the cell is called ____ _____

enveloped

budding and exocytosis viruses are

naked

enveloped

complex

\

budding and exocytosis

when the nucleocapsid binds to the membrane and pinches or sheds the virus this is considered which type release

budding

exocytosis

cell lysis

false

T/F viruses commonly contain both DNA and RNA

syncytium

giant cells with multiple nucleus are called _________

disorientation(lost sense of self)

intracellular changes

shape/size

name 3 cytopathic affects that take place when a virus damages a host cell

cytopathic affects

structural changes within host after being invaded by virus are called ________ _______s

persistent infections

________ ________s happened when a cell harbors a virus and is not immediately lysed having the ability to last weeks or hosts lifetime

latency

a condition present but not active or presenting symptoms in animal **viruses** is called _______

lysogeny

latency

latent

measles, herpes, and herpes zoster virus are all what type of viruses

latent

lysogenic

oncogenic

a animal virus that has the ability to cause cause cancer due to the alteration of a hosts genetic material is called ______

transformation

an animal viruses oncogenic(cancer causing) affect on a cell is called _______

oncoviruses

mammalian viruses are capable of initiating tumors called ___viruses

bacteriophages

*Escherichia coli can be infected by __________*

penetration and relase

what two stages in the multiplication cycle in a bacteriophage is different

bacteriophages

uncoating of the virus is not necessary in ________ multiplication cycle as only the nucleic acid enter the cytoplasm

bacteriophage

the lytic cycle in _____________s is induced by enzymes and a accumulation of the virus

lysogeny

_________ is when a bacteriophages has the ability to enter into a reversible state that allows for its DNA to be incorporated into the hosts genetic material

Bacteriophage Adsorption

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Precise attachment of special tail__ \n __fibers to cell wall__

\
Absorption

Penetration

Synthesis/Assembly

Viral Persistence

Release

Cell Destruction

Bacteriophage Penetration

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Injection of nucleic acid through cell wall; no uncoating of nucleic acid__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Bacteriophage Cell Destruction

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Sudden by lysis__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Bacteriophage Release

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Cell lyses after being weakened by viral enzymes.__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Bacteriophage Synthesis/Assembly

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Occurs in cytoplasm (no nucleus present)__

__Cessation of host synthesis__

__Viral DNA or RNA replicated__

__Viral components synthesized__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Bacteriophage Viral Persistence

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Latency, chronic infection, cancer__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Animal Virus Release

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Some cells lyse; enveloped ________bud off host cell membrane.__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Animal Virus Cell Destruction

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Sudden (lysis) or slow (budding)__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Animal Virus Absorption

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Attachment of capsid or envelope to cell surface receptors__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Animal Virus Synthesis

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Occurs in cytoplasm and nucleus Cessation of host synthesis__ \n __Viral DNA or RNA replicated__ \n __Viral components synthesized__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Animal Virus Penetration

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

\
__Whole _________ is engulfed and uncoated, or virus surface fuses with cell membrane; nucleic acid is released__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

Animal Virus Viral Persistence

**(chose whether is bacteriophage or animal virus in addition to correct term)**

__Latency, chronic infection, cancer__

\
Cell Destruction

Absorption

Penetration

Release

Viral Persistence

Synthesis/Assembly

lytic cycle

the _______ ________ is a form of reproduction that destroys infected cells and its membrane through lysis it also releases virions

virion

ineffective viruses outside host cell are called ________

in vitro

–**Cell (tissue) cultures** – cultured cells support viral replication and permit observation of cytopathic effects

In vitro

in vivo

in vivo

–**Bird embryos** –intact and self-supporting unit, complete with its own sterile environment and nourishment, with embryonic tissues that support viral multiplication

in vitro

in vivio

in vivo

**Live animal inoculation** – The animal is exposed by injection of a viral preparation or specimen into the brain, blood, muscle, body cavity, skin, or footpads

in vivo

in vitro

**temperate phages**

_________ ________ are DNA phages that undergo adsorption and penetration but **don’t replicate**

Prions

_______ misfolded proteins, contain no nucleic acid **(non viral but infectious)**

Prions

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies neurodegenerative disease is caused by ________ that clump together in brain causing damage