ASI 105 Final

Young bovine

calf\####Female before giving birth

Growth

Carcass Traits

Maternal Traits

Adaptability to environment and resources\####What is calving ease?

Size of calf

Shape of calf

Position of calf\####What is growth?

-Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning

-Feed Efficiency\####Carcass traits

-Quality (Marbling)

-Yield (Trimness and Muscle)\####Maternal traits

-Milking ability

-Mothering Instincts\####Define fullblood.

-Fullblood is 100% original genetics of that breed\####Define purebred.

Strengths: muscling, YG, mothering.

Weaknesses: quality grade, calving ease.\####Chianina

Continental breed

Very Tall.

now you only have to be a 9% Chianina in order to be considered a purebred.

Strengths: growth.

Weaknesses: calving ease, muscling, milking.\####Gelbvieh

Dual Purpose breed

Strengths: meat quality, milking.\####Limousin

Continental breed

The heaviest muscle breed.

Tremendous yield grades.

Almost exclusively in YG 1 category.

Weakness: marbling, calving ease.\####Maine Anjou

Continental breed

Known for growth, but mostly known for foot and bone size. Good for both breeding and muscling.

Shorthorn breed sourced the maine-anjous.

Purebred Maine-Anjou is considered 3/4 shorthorn.\####Salers

Continental breed

Curly coat.

Horned.

Strengths: Growth, calving ease.

Weakness: muscling\####Simmental

Continental breed

Dual purpose breed.

Strengths: milk, marbling, growth, muscling.\####Texas Longhorn

Color pattern varies.

Strengths: durable, sturdy, tough, especially in hot or tough climates, calving ease.

Weak: Not great muscling, very small\####American Brahman

From India.

Strengths: Heat tolerant, 8-9x more sweat glands, insect repellant due to extra layer of muscle, good growth, good muscling, calving ease is good, large size.

Weaknesses: Late puberty at 30-36 months, another year and a half for calving, and meat quality.\####Beefmaster

American Composite

Brahman, hereford, and shorthorn cross.

Good growth and calving/milking ease.

Insect resistant like brahman.

Goal in creating was to have earlier puberty.\####Brangus

American Composite

3/8 Brahman and 5/8 angus.

Can only survive in hot, dry climates.

heat tolerance, insect resistance, growth, maternal traits, are all great.\####Santa Gertrudis

American Composite

5/8 shorthorn and 3/8 brahman

Originated from King Ranch out of Kingsville TX.\####Simbrah

American Composite

Cross between brahman and simmental.

5/8 simmental and 3/8 brahman.

Good in hot climates, maternal traits, muscling, insect repellance, etc.\####Belgian Blue

Double muscled.

In europe, there is no quality grades. So solely dependent on lean meat.

All calves must be birthed through c-section.

poor mothering ability.

Technically continental breed. not claimed as that.\####Highland

From scotland

small - 800-900lbs.

Long hair because cold and wet in scotland in winter

Niche/novelty breed.\####Peidmontese

Double muscled.

Similar purpose to belgian blue.

Color pattern like brahman.\####Blonde 'd Aquitaine

Similar qualities to Limousin\####Belted galloway

Muscling and growth are weaknesses.\####Holstein

Bulls can't be milked.

Smaller loin eye.

Good quality grades.\####White park

\####Wagyu

Very slow growing.

Lighter muscled.

Japanese breed.\####Continental breeds general strengths and weaknesses?

Strengths: Muscling

Weaknesses: Calving ease, mothering ability and milking, marbling.\####British breeds general strengths and weaknesses?

Strengths: maternal, marbling

Weaknesses: muscling\####Feeder cattle grading

Based on frame and muscle score.

L1 M1 S1

L2 M2 S2

L3 M3 S3

L4 M4 S4

And inferior.\####Frame grades

Large F1150\> and M1250\>

Medium F1100-1150 and M1100-1250

Small F1000< and M1100

1 - above average muscling. Usually continental or continental/british cross

2 - average to light muscled. Usually british and some dairy cross.

3 - dairy breeds

4 - nearly complete absence of muscle. Very rare.\####Calculation of Dressing percent

(Hot Carcass Weight / Live Weight) X 100\####How does fatness affect yield and quality grade?

improves quality grade\####How does muscling affect yield grade?

Increases yield grade\####What two factors affect meat quality grade?

A - 9-30 months

B - 30-42 months

C - 42-72 months

D - 72-96 months

E - \>96 months\####Four factors that go into yield grades

-12th rib fat thickness

-Hot Carcass Weight (HCW)

-Ribeye Area (REA)

-% Kidney, Pelvic & Heart Fat (%KPH)\####Yield grades

1-5

1 is most desirable

5 is least desirable\####Final yield grade equation?

PYG +/- Adj. for REA +/- Adj. for KPH\####Finding PYG equation

-Developed in the United States

-Originated from the Spanish Merino

3. Physical characteristics

a. White faced

b. Dense, high quality fleeces

c. Wool on forehead and legs

d. Moderate in frame

4. Known for hardiness and longevity

5. Out of season breeders

6. Ewe breed\####Rambouillet

1. Most popular fine wool breed

2. Developed in France

3. Physical characteristics

a. White faced

b. Dense, high quality fleeces

c. Wool on forehead and legs

d. Largest framed fine wool breed