Study Guide for Unit 5&6 APWH

How did Enlightenment ideas about natural rights influence the abolitionist movement?

They provided a moral framework that argued for individual rights and personal freedom, fueling the fight against slavery.

What contribution did Enlightenment thinkers make to the development of women's rights?

They promoted ideas of equality and individual rights that challenged traditional views on gender roles.

How did European imperial powers justify their domination using Darwin's theories?

They used Darwin's theories to claim that certain nations and races were superior, thereby legitimizing imperialism as natural.

In what ways did Enlightenment ideas about natural rights influence global movements?

They inspired political revolutions and social reform movements advocating for individual freedoms and rights.

How were physical differences used to deny equal rights?

Physical differences, like race and gender, were misused to argue against the equality and rights of specific groups.

Why was Simon Bolivar upset with mercantilist policies?

He believed they restricted economic growth and trade opportunities for colonies, maintaining colonial dependence.

Why was India the leading cotton producer in 1700?

It had advanced weaving and spinning techniques, which significantly influenced global trade dynamics.

How did Britain's coal supply affect industrialization?

It provided the energy needed to power machines and fostered rapid industrial growth.

How did goods from colonies become vital to the world economy?

Colonial goods fueled industrialization and trade, creating interdependencies in global markets.

How did the Meiji reforms impact Japan's modernization?

They led to industrial advancements that strengthened Japan’s economy and military.

How did Japan’s imperial expansion contribute to industrial growth?

It provided access to necessary resources and markets that fueled Japan’s industries.

How did European economic imperialism control colonies?

By regulating trade and exploiting resources, European powers maintained dominance over local economies.

What was the role of women and children in factories during the Industrial Revolution?

They provided cheap labor, filling positions that supported industrial production alongside men.

How did conflicts with European powers affect China's economy?

Military defeats led to economic dependence and the loss of control over trade.

How did fossil fuels change industries during the Industrial Revolution?

Fossil fuels replaced manual labor, greatly increasing production efficiency.

What was the effect of Britain's control of the opium trade on China?

It destabilized China's economy and led to widespread social issues.

Why did the Dutch establish colonies in Southeast Asia?

To control trade routes and access valuable resources.

How did military technologies aid European imperialism in Asia and Africa?

They provided European powers with superior weaponry to conquer and control territories.

How did Japan’s control over Korea enhance its industrial growth?

It secured resources and strategic advantages vital for modernization and military expansion.

What challenges did married women face in 19th century Europe?

They struggled to balance domestic responsibilities with wage-earning jobs.

How were eugenics used to support imperialism?

They promoted false ideas of racial superiority that justified domination over 'inferior' races.

What harmful ideas did eugenics promote regarding races?

They suggested that physical traits determined superiority, leading to discrimination.

Why was Haiti’s revolution significant in the Caribbean?

It was the first successful slave revolt, inspiring other independence movements.

How did railroads aid industrialization during the Industrial Revolution?

They enhanced the transport of goods and people, facilitating trade and industry growth.

Why were Creoles important in Latin American revolutions?

They led movements due to their frustrations with colonial rule and lack of power.

How did nationalism influence ethnic groups in empires?

It motivated rebellions, as diverse groups sought independence and self-determination.

How did European imperialists spread their culture?

Through education, missionary work, and governance, they imposed their cultural values.

How did Olympe de Gouges advocate for gender equality?

She used Enlightenment principles to argue for women's rights and social change.

How did Britain's coal resources contribute to its industrial leadership?

They provided the necessary energy to drive machinery, making Britain a leading power.

What new production methods emerged during the second industrial revolution?

Innovations like assembly lines and mass production techniques created new industries.

How did railroads transform Argentina’s economy?

They connected inland resources to ports, integrating Argentina into global markets.

How was Britain's control of Argentina's railway an example of economic imperialism?

It allowed Britain to dominate trade and resource distribution in Argentina.

What roles did skilled and unskilled workers play in factories?

Skilled workers performed specialized tasks, while unskilled workers handled more basic labor.

How did energy sources shift during the Industrial Revolution?

Industries transitioned from manual labor to fossil fuels, increasing productivity.

How did European goods impact Asian manufacturing?

They undermined local industries by flooding markets with cheaper, mass-produced products.

How did Latin American nations create national unity?

They drew from shared history and cultural identity to rally support for independence.

How did railroads facilitate European imperialism?

They improved transportation and supply lines, allowing faster expansion into rural areas.

How did Social Darwinism justify European imperialism in Africa?

It suggested stronger nations were destined to dominate weaker ones, rationalizing conquest.