Social Movements

Lecture 9

How were the general trends in state-civil society relations?

Top-down, strong state vs weak civil society.

How were the trends in state-civil society relations → 1930s-1950s?

Populist states co-opted certain sectors of civil society → state clientelism.

How were the trends in state-civil society relations → 1960s-1970s?

Authoritarian regimes repressed political parties and civil society organizations → atomization of society.

How were the trends in state-civil society relations → 1980s-2000s?

Following democratic restoration civil society organizations, maintaining distance and relative autonomy from the state → alientation and distrust.

How were the trends in state-civil society relations → 2000s-2020s?

Neo populist states an the co-option of the social movements → state clientelism.

How were the traditional social movements in Latam? (1930-1960)

• Economic/labour activity as a dominant feature → peasant and workers movements.

• Hierarchical/weak democratic structures.

• Direct links with political parties.

• Adption of ideological-doctrinarian positions.

• Pursuing maximalist goals → new social order, revolution.

What type of state was present during the traditional social movements?

A populist state.

What were the new social movements in Latam? → 1965-1985.

• Repression to civil society.

• Military regimes repress political and social organizations.

• No channels of rep for civil society.

• Spontaneous protests agaisnt regime’s abuses → avoided becoming too organized.

• Citizens distrust regime and clandestine opposition’s political organizations.

• Collective, not institutionalized.

How were the new social movements after democratic restoration? → 1985-2020s.

• Citizen’s trust on state was kind of restored.

• Political parties did not recover theri influence and ability to represent the citizens’ demands.

• Social movements have been reactivated since the application of neoliberal policies.

• Social movements challenge representative democracy.

Explain the Chilean student movement.

Demanding free education → no to profit. Important figure: Camila Vallejo.