units 3-4 exam guide - section: what to know about the time period

Portuguese navigation

leads the way, and also introduces more conflict to the Indian Ocean

The Columbian Exchange

leads to environmental and dietary changes all over the world and American crops are the main reason for global population growth in this era

Spanish colonization

of the Caribbean and the Americas sparks other nations to seek out colonies, changing the face of the Americas and igniting trade on the Atlantic Ocean

Europeans built

sea-based empires with the help of royal chartered monopoly trading companies and guns such as the VOC (Dutch) and East India Company (English).

Land-based empires in Asia

use gunpowder weapons to build powerful states, including the Ottoman (SW Asia, North Africa, Eastern Europe), Safavid (Persia), Mughal (India), Qing (China), Tokugawa (Japan), Russia (Eastern Europe)

Americas undergo massive change 

due to rapid declines in Native populations, but European migrations (Voluntary and forced) lead to growing population overall

There is a global circulation of

goods and commodities including sugar and silver

The trans-Atlantic trade was the

new route, and the Slave Trade was the most impactful development on Africa