Chapter 11: SmartBook

B

The term "regulation of gene expression" refers to the processes that controls ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. replication and transcription

B. transcription and translation

C. translation and replication

C, D

What are the the first two processes that regulate gene expression in bacteria to be understood in detail?

Multiple select question.

A. Degradation

B. Phosphorylation

C. Repression

D. Induction

E. Methylation

D

What is the name given to genes whose protein products must be present all the time?

A. Regulatory genes

B. Structural genes

C. Luxury genes

D. Housekeeping genes

E. Developmental genes

C

Proteins involved in the control of gene expression in processes such as induction and repression are referred to as ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. structural proteins

B. transport proteins

C. regulatory proteins

D. developmental proteins

B

True or false: The lac operon is an example of a positive control system, implying that it is turned "on" until turned "off".

True false question.

A. True

B. False

D

The term "regulation of ________ expression" refers to the process of controlling transcription and/or translation.

A. allele

B. cell

C. protein

D. gene

B

True or false: The trp operon is an example of a positive control system.

True false question.

A. True

B. False

D

In bacteria, what were the first mechanisms of gene regulation to be understood?

Multiple choice question.

A. Induction and regeneration

B. Induction and degradation

C. Replication and induction

D. Repression and induction

E. Degradation and repression

B

Which statement best describes the ara operon?

A. Positive transcriptional control only

B. Both negative and positive transcriptional control

C. Negative transcriptional control only

D

Enzymes that catalyze reactions that are in constant demand in a cell are encoded by genes referred to as __________ genes.

A. clean

B. recessive

C. dominant

D. housekeeping

D

Termination of transcription elongation before RNA polymerase enters the first structural gene of an operon is called ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. reverse transcription

B. polymeric repression

C. alternative splicing

D. attenuation

B

Proteins that are responsible for the induction or repression of enzyme encoding genes are referred to as transcriptional ________ proteins.

A. repressor

B. regulatory

C. recombinant

D. recessive

C

Which statement best describes the lac operon in E. coli?

Multiple choice question.

A. Constitutively expressed genes (i.e., always "on")

B. Positive transcriptional control of repressible genes (i.e.,"on" until turned "off")

C. Negative transcriptional control of inducible genes (i.e., turned "off" until turned "on")

C

__________ can fold into different patterns based upon the binding of an effector molecule to the mRNA.

A. metabolites

B. housekeeping genes

C. riboswitch

D. attenuator

A

The trp operon is best described as an example of the

Multiple choice question.

A. negative transcriptional control of repressible genes.

B. positive transcriptional control of inducible genes.

C. positive transcriptional control of repressible genes.

D. negative transcriptional control of inducible genes.

B

Match each bacterial group with their most common use of riboswitches.

Control of translation

A. gram-positive bacteria

B. gram-negative bacteria

A

Match each bacterial group with their most common use of riboswitches.

Control of transcription

A. gram-positive bacteria

B. gram-negative bacteria

A

A regulatory process that results in transcription termination within a leader sequence that precedes the structural genes is termed ___________

A. attenuation

B. polymeric repression

C. alternative splicing

C

At which level do riboswitches block translation?

Multiple choice question.

A. Elongation

B. Termination

C. Initiation

B

Proteins involved in the control of gene expression in processes such as induction and repression are referred to as ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. transport proteins

B. regulatory proteins

C. structural proteins

D. developmental proteins

C

sRNAs are _____.

Multiple choice question.

A. synthetic RNAs

B. standard RNAs

C. small RNAs

D. S box RNAs

B

Riboswitches are regulatory mRNAs that can fold into different patterns based upon ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. allosteric regulation of RNA polymerase

B. direct binding of an effector molecule to mRNA

C. position of the ribosome on the mRNA

D. alternative splicing patterns of the mRNA

D

Regulatory systems that simultaneously control the expression of multiple operons or pathways are referred to as ________.

Multiple choice question.

A. secretion systems

B. response regulators

C. DNA binding proteins

D. global regulatory systems

D

Two-component signal transduction systems link changes in _________ to gene expression.

Multiple choice question.

A. energy levels

B. nucleotide levels

C. amino acid levels

D. environmental conditions

A

As a general rule, Gram-negative bacteria use riboswitches to regulate the ________ of mRNA, and Gram-positive bacteria use riboswitches to regulate ___________ termination.

A. translation; transcription

B. transcription; translation

A

The bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme needs the assistance of a(n) __________ factor to bind to the promoter and initiate transcription. By producing alternate versions of this factor, the expression of gene sets can be rapidly switched.

A. alternate sigma

B. alternate gamma

C. alternate alpha

C

In riboswitches that control translation, the binding of an effector molecule alters the shape of the mRNA leader sequence and inhibits _______ binding at the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

A. enzyme

B. protein

C. ribosomal

C, D

Which two of the following are examples of second messengers?

Multiple select question.

A. ATP

B. dGTP

C. cAMP

D. ppGpp

sRNAs

RNA molecules that do not function as mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA are referred to as ____________ or noncoding RNAs.

A. NRNAs

B. sRNAs

D

Global regulatory systems are not likely to involve the regulation of _____.

Multiple choice question.

A. multiple operons

B. multiple genes

C. multiple pathways

D. single operons

signal transduction

In many bacteria, changes in environmental conditions are linked to changes in gene expression by regulatory proteins of two-component systems _____________.

A. signal transcription

B. signal transduction

C. signal translation

A

_________________ is a process by which a population of bacteria can coordinate gene expression through the exchange of signaling molecules.

A. quorum sensing

B. chemotaxis

C. diapedsis

A

Producing alternate versions of ________ factors can immediately change the expression of many bacterial genes.

Multiple choice question.

A. sigma

B. AHL

C. virulence

D. phosphodiesterase

A, B, D

Which three of the following mechanisms are used by Bacillus subtilis to control sporulation?

Multiple select question.

A. Phosphorelay

B. Alternative sigma factors

C. Alternative splicing

D. Post translational modification

E. CRiboswitches

A

cAMP, ppGpp, and cyclic dimeric GMP are all examples of _____.

Multiple choice question.

A. second messengers

B. sRNAs

C. ribonucleotides

D. riboswitches

A

True or false: The CRISPR/Cas system "remembers" previous bacteriophage attacks, similarly to the animal immune system.

True false question.

A. True

B. False

A

Which of the following histone proteins is not a component of eukaryotic nucleosomes? Multiple choice question.

A. H1

B. H2A

C. H2B

D. H4

E. H3

C

Eukaryotic nucleosomes are composed of histone octamers that wrap _____ base pairs of DNA around themselves.

Multiple choice question.

A. 180

B. 30

C. 146

B

The exchange of signaling molecules to coordinate gene expression between members of a bacterial population is called ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. feedback sensing

B. quorum sensing

C. gene regulation

D. paracrine signaling

E

Which of the following is NOT used by Bacillus subtilis to regulate sporulation?

Multiple choice question.

A. Post translational modification

B. Alternate sigma factors

C. Transcription initiation regulatory proteins

D. Phosphorelay

E. Antisense RNAs

A, B

Which two of the following are bacterial defense mechanisms against viruses?

Multiple select question.

A. restriction/modification

B. CRISPR/Cas

C. homologous recombination

D. quorum sensing

A

The eukaryotic nucleosome is composed of ____.

Multiple choice question.

A. DNA and histone proteins

B. promoters and RNA polymerase molecules

C. DNA and RNA hybrids

C

Which of the following statements regarding archaeal-histone DNA complexes is false?

Multiple choice question.

A. Archaeal histones do not wrap a defined length of DNA.

B. Archaeal histones are not modified by acetylation or methylation.

C. Archaeal histones bind to DNA as octamers.

D. Archaeal histones often exist as homodimers, two identical polypeptides.

A

True or false: The CRISPR/Cas system "remembers" previous bacteriophage attacks, similarly to the animal immune system.

A. True

B. False