Logic: Acts of Mind and Judgment Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, mental acts, judgment types, proposition components, and standard forms from the LPU Laguna Logic lecture.

Simple Apprehension

The first act of the mind whose mental operation produces a concept, which is externally expressed as oral and written terms.

Judgment

The second act of the mind that involves the mental comparison of concepts, pronouncing agreement or disagreement between two ideas, and determining propositions as true or false.

Reasoning

The third act of the mind involving mental agreement or disagreement, externally expressed as oral and written arguments.

Elements of Judgment

The three required components of judgment: understanding of each idea, comparison of the two ideas, and the mental act pronouncing whether the ideas agree or disagree.

Analytic Judgment

A judgment also known as necessary or a priori judgment, where the truth of the proposition can be tested only through mental analysis.

Synthetic Judgment

A judgment also referred to as contingent or a posteriori judgment, where the connection between the subject and the predicate can be tested only from experience.

Proposition

A statement and verbal expression of judgment that explicitly affirms or denies something, making it either true or false.

True Proposition

A statement that corresponds to facts.

False Proposition

A statement that does not conform with the facts.

Categorical Proposition

A simple proposition that gives a direct assertion of agreement or disagreement between the subject term and the predicate term.

Quantifier

The part of a categorical proposition that indicates the degrees of quantity of the subject, such as universal or particular.

Subject Term

The term in a categorical proposition which is either denied or affirmed.

Copula

The linking verb (such as is, are, was, were, or their negative forms) that gives form to a proposition and indicates agreement or disagreement between subject and predicate terms.

Predicate Term

The term in a categorical proposition which is either denied or affirmed of the subject.

Quality of Categorical Statements

The relation established between the two terms of a proposition, classified as affirmative if there is agreement or negative if there is disagreement.

Quantity of Categorical Statements

Refers to the number of individuals to whom the subject term applies, making the proposition singular, universal, or particular.

Type A Proposition

A standard form of categorical proposition representing Universal or Singular Affirmative propositions.

Type E Proposition

A standard form of categorical proposition representing Universal or Singular Negative propositions.

Type I Proposition

A standard form of categorical proposition representing Particular Affirmative propositions.

Type O Proposition

A standard form of categorical proposition representing Particular Negative propositions.