Thigh - Lower Limb Hip to Knee

What is the outer later of deep fascia in the lower limb?

fascia lata

Fascia Lata forms what?

a thick "stocking"-like memrbane

What is the superior line of attachment for the Fascia Lata?

starts at inguinal ligament and iliac crest, wraps around the hip bone

How does the Fascia Lata continue inferiorly?

continuous with deep fascia of the leg

What is the Fascia Lata laterally thickened into?

iliotibial tract (longitudinal band)

The Fascia Lata splits in the gluteal region to enclose WHAT anteriorly?

fascia lata muscle

The Fascia Lata splits in the gluteal region to enclose WHAT posteriorly?

gluteus maximus

Saphenous Opening

opening in the anterior aspect of the thigh just inferior to the medial end of the inguinal ligament

What does the Saphenous Opening allow?

for the saphenous vein to pass from superficial fascia through deep fascia

The passage of the saphenous vein from superficial to deep fascia allows for the connection with what?

the femoral vein

Femoral Triangle

wedge-shaped depression formed by muscles int he upper thigh

What are the 3 boundaries of the femoral triangle?

1. base

2. medial border

3. lateral border

Base boundary of the Femoral Triangle:

inguinal ligament

Medial boundary of the Femoral Triangle:

adductor longus

Lateral boundary of the Femoral Triangle:

sartorius muscle

What are the Contents of the Femoral Triangle?

- femoral nerve

- femoral artery

- femoral vein

- empty space (femoral canal)

- deep lymph nodes

*NAVEL

Femoral Sheath

funnel-shaped sleeve of fascia that surrounds the femoral artery, vein, and associated lymphatics within the femoral triangle

Each structure within the femoral sheath is individually contained within what?

its own fascial compartment

Most Medial of Femoral Sheath:

femoral canal which contains lymphatics and empty space

Superior border of Femoral canal:

femoral ring

What is clinically relevant for the femoral sheath?

femoral hernia

How many compartments are there for the thigh?

3

What forms these 3 muscle compartments of the thigh?

intermuscular septa

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

1. anterior compartment

2. medial compartment

3. posterior compartment

Fascia Lata completely invests what?

the thigh

Anterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by?

femoral nerve

Posterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by?

sciatic nerve

Medial compartment of the thigh is innervated by?

obturator nerve

Anterior compartment include what?

sartorius and 4 "quads" (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius)

Posterior compartment includes what?

hamstrings

Medial compartment includes what?

- gracilis

- pectineus

- adductor longus

- adductor brevis

- adductor magnus

- obturator externus

Anterior compartment of the thigh function

muscles that extend the knee

Posterior compartment of the thigh function

muscles that extend the thigh at the hip joint and flex the leg at the knee joint

Medial compartment of the thigh function

muscles that adduct thigh at the hip joint

Posterior Compartment Muscles - 3 Hamstring muscles

1. biceps femoris

2. semitendinosus

3. semimembranosus

All except what muscle of the posterior compartment cross both the hip and knee joints?

short head the biceps femoris

Biceps Femoris - Long head (posterior compartment): Origin

ischial tuberosity

Biceps Femoris - Long head (posterior compartment): Insertion

1. fibula

2. fibular collateral ligament

Biceps Femoris - Long head (posterior compartment): Action

flexes leg at knee joint, extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint

Biceps Femoris - Short head (posterior compartment): Origin

ischial tuberosity

Biceps Femoris - Short head (posterior compartment): Insertion

1. fibula

2. fibular collateral ligament

Biceps Femoris - Short head (posterior compartment): Action

flexes leg at knee joint, extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint

Semitendinosus (posterior compartment): Origin

ischial tuberosity

Semitendinosus (posterior compartment): Insertion

proximal tibia

Semitendinosus (posterior compartment): Action

flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint

Semimembranosus (posterior compartment): Origin

ischial tuberosity

Semimembranosus (posterior compartment): Insertion

tibial condyle

Semimembranosus (posterior compartment): Action

flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint

What is the most lateral posterior compartment muscle?

biceps femoris

What is the medial to biceps femoris in the posterior compartment muscle group?

semitendinosus

What is deep to the semitendinosus muscle in the posterior compartment muscle group?

semimembranosus

Hamstring injury is common in sports that requires what?

high degree of power and speed

What does the Hamstring injury range from?

mild strain to complete tear

Avulsion injury (hamstring injury)

avulsion of the ischial tuberosity with proximal hamstring origin attachment

What is the weakest element of the proximal hamstring unit in adolescents?

ischial apophysis