MIS Chapters 9-12; Alice 3 Chapters 9 & 11

GIS

A system defined by control (managerial power) and coordination (interaction among organizational parts)

International companies

Can use technologies for an integrated GIS; small ones may outsource for unavailable expertise

Outsource

Hiring external experts or services outside the company to complete tasks

GIS (acronym)

Global Information System

Offshore outsourcing

Outsourcing to a firm in another country for services or products

TDF

Transborder data flow; restricts what data can be captured or transmitted abroad

Supply chain

The network globalization affects for purchasing and product movement

Mobile apps in globalization

Provide banking, payment, and agricultural information in developing nations

GIS hindrances

Lack of standardization, cultural differences, regulations, weak telecoms, and unskilled workers

India as top IT outsourcing nation

English proficiency, government support, infrastructure, and educated workforce

Multinational structure

Production, sales, and marketing decentralized; parent manages finances

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

Waterfall model with defined sequential phases for system development

Internal users

Employees who regularly use the system and provide feedback

System failure

Caused by missed deadlines, unmet needs, poor management support, or over-budget

External users

Non-employees (customers, suppliers, partners) who use the system and provide input

Feasibility study

Evaluates solution feasibility in five dimensions: economic, technical, operational, scheduling, and legal

Design phase

Selects the most realistic, high-payoff solution for the organization

Prototyping

Small-scale version built for feedback and demonstration

System conversion methods

Parallel, pilot, phased-in, and direct cutover strategies for implementing new systems

Request for proposal (RFP)

Document requesting vendor bids for products or services

Outsourcing

Hiring an external vendor or consultant for system development

Maintenance phase

System operates; updates, enhancements, and fixes applied

Software development methods

Agile, XP, and RAD emphasize iterative design, collaboration, and fast delivery

Joint application design (JAD)

Structured workshop joining users, management, and IT to design systems

IT project management

Planning, managing, and controlling all SDLC activities

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Integrated system managing data, resources, and functions across an organization

Reverse auction

One buyer invites multiple sellers to submit bids; buyer selects best price

Knowledge management (KM)

Converts tacit to explicit knowledge and promotes a sharing culture

E-marketplace

Third-party B2B platform for efficient online trading

Supply chain management (SCM)

Collaboration with suppliers and partners to improve delivery processes

Personalization

Designing products/services to match customer preferences and build relationships

Online auction

Global version of traditional auctions enabling broader sales

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

Exchange system for business transaction data between partners

3D printing

Creates physical objects by layering material from a 3D digital model

Collaborative filtering (CF)

Analyzes group behavior to recommend items based on shared interests

CPFR

Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment; coordinates supply chains via POS data sharing

Customer relationship management (CRM)

Tracks and organizes customer contacts for improved service and marketing

Customization

Allows customers to modify standard products or interfaces

Structured decision

Programmable task with standard operating procedure

Unstructured decision

Unique one-time decision without procedure

Geographic information system (GIS)

System capturing, storing, and displaying geographic information

Decision support system (DSS)

Interactive system combining data, models, and tools for decision support

Digital dashboard

Displays unified data visually for real-time insights and trends

Intelligence phase

Collects and processes data to identify decision conditions

Management support systems (MSS)

Systems supporting specific decision areas with unique objectives

Implementation phase

Plans and executes the chosen solution with necessary resources

Executive information systems (EIS)

DSS branch giving executives data access with drill-down dashboards

Semistructured decisions

Mix structured and unstructured aspects using analytical tools

DSS components

Database, model base, and user interface

Variable

Named storage location in memory for a data item

Initializing

Giving a variable a starting value

Argument

Value sent to a parameter each time a procedure is called

Count control structure

Repeats a code block a specific number of times

toRoundedInteger

Converts a decimal to a whole number (integer)

Standard data types (Alice)

Defined by classes

3D model data types (Alice)

Each 3D model is defined by a class and treated as a data type

Gallery

Collection of 3D models available in Alice

Thread (event listener)

Process running alongside the main program; responds through event handlers

Event

User action such as mouse click, screen touch, or keypress

If-else control structure

Runs different code based on object conditions during execution

Decision making (interactivity)

Uses if-else control structures and conditional expressions

Object Mover Listener

Allows player to move an object using arrow keys

Array

Ordered set of items of the same data type

If/else statement

Evaluates a condition; executes “if” block if true, otherwise “else” block

Distance and state

Changing an object’s position alters its distance and state

Game controls and UI

User input and interfaces used for navigation and display in games

getDistanceTo

Function computing distance between two objects

Bounding box

Smallest box around an object; overlaps can cause incorrect click detection

If/else conditional logic

Used to perform one action if true, another if false

Event listener firing

Fires each time event occurs; prevent repeats by stopping condition recurrence

Function return type

Returned value has a data type (Boolean, TextString, DecimalNumber, WholeNumber)

Game interactivity

Animations run automatically; games require player input and decisions

Game goals

Objectives players must achieve to progress

End conditions

Rules determining when a game ends and if player won/lost

Listener fires

Event listener signaling and calling a procedure

Built-in functions (Alice)

Class functions that check an object’s current state while running