Module 1: Globalization

Week 1-2

Globalization

• Is the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology

• Has effects on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development, prosperity, and human physical well-being around the word

Globalization

• It is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

Manfred Steger

• He describes globalization as a process.

• It refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space.

• “globalization processes do not occur merely at an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness.”

Expansion

• Refers to both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries

Intensification

• Refers to the expansion, stretching and acceleration of these networks. Not only are global connections multiplying, but they also become more closely-knit and expanding their reach

• Ex:
  - There is a strong financial market connecting London and New York.

Globalism

• Is a widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone, since it spreads freedom and democracy across the world

Arjun Appadurai

• He described globalization as “'scapes”
  - Different kinds of globalization occur on multiple and intersecting dimensions of integration

Ethnoscape

(Type of ‘scapes)

• Refers to the global movement of people

Technoscape

(Type of scapes)

• Refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software

Mediascape

(Type of scapes)

• Refers to the flow of culture

Financescape

(Type of scapes)

• Denotes the global circulation of money

Ideoscape

(Type of scapes)

• Refers to the realm where political ideas move around.