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Urbanization
Increase in urban population and expansion of cities.
Suburbanization
Growth of areas on the outskirts of cities.
Urban Sprawl
Uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into rural land.
Boomburbs
Rapidly growing suburbs that resemble urban areas.
Edge City
Suburban area with significant office and retail space.
Decentralization
Movement of people and businesses away from city centers.
Exurbs
Low-density areas beyond suburbs, often affluent.
Megacities
Cities with over 10 million inhabitants.
Metacities
Cities with over 20 million inhabitants.
World City
Global city with major international influence.
Urban Hierarchy
Ranking of cities based on size and function.
Rank-Size Rule
City size inversely related to its rank.
Primate City
Dominant city in a country, much larger than others.
Gravity Model
Predicts interaction between two places based on size.
Central Place Theory
Explains distribution of cities based on market areas.
Bid-Rent Theory
Land value decreases with distance from city center.
Concentric Zone Model
Urban land use model with circular zones.
Sector Model
Urban land use model with sectors radiating from center.
Multi-Nuclei Model
Urban land use model with multiple centers of activity.
Galactic City Model
Post-industrial city model with decentralized urban areas.
Disamenity Zone
Area with declining quality of life and services.
Squatter Settlement
Informal housing areas with inadequate infrastructure.
Low-Density Housing
Residential areas with fewer units per acre.
Medium-Density Housing
Residential areas with moderate units per acre.
High-Density Housing
Residential areas with many units per acre.
Urban Infill
Development of vacant land within existing urban areas.
Infrastructure
Basic physical systems and services of a city.
Public Transportation
System of transport services for the public.
Sustainability
Development that meets present needs without harming future.
Smart Growth Policies
Urban planning strategies for sustainable development.
Greenbelts
Protected areas of open space around urban areas.
Slow-Growth Cities
Cities that limit population and economic expansion.
New Urbanism
Design movement promoting walkable, mixed-use communities.
Mixed-Use Neighborhoods
Areas combining residential, commercial, and recreational spaces.
Walkability
Measure of how friendly an area is to walking.
Livability
Quality of life and well-being in urban areas.
Quantitative Data
Numerical information used for statistical analysis.
Population Composition
Demographic makeup of a population.
Redlining
Discriminatory practice of denying services based on location.
Blockbusting
Real estate practice inducing panic selling in neighborhoods.
Affordability
Measure of housing costs relative to income.
Inclusionary Zoning
Policies requiring affordable housing in new developments.
Gentrification
Revitalization of urban areas, often displacing lower-income residents.
Zones of Abandonment
Areas experiencing significant population and economic decline.
Environmental Injustice
Disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on marginalized communities.
Ecological Footprint
Measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems.
Brownfields
Previously developed land with potential environmental contamination.
