Reproductive System

What is the primary function of the reproductive system?

A. To regulate metabolism
B. To excrete nitrogenous waste
C. To transmit genetic material to offspring
D. To coordinate immune responses

C. To transmit genetic material to offspring

Which of the following is a key role of the reproductive system during puberty?

A. Producing insulin
B. Developing secondary sexual characteristics
C. Forming muscle memory
D. Enhancing neural synapses

B. Developing secondary sexual characteristics

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A. Traits required for direct reproduction like gamete formation
B. Features that develop at birth to define gender
C. Features that appear at puberty and distinguish the sexes
D. Hormones that regulate kidney function

C. Features that appear at puberty and distinguish the sexes

Secondary sexual characteristics serve all the following functions EXCEPT:

A. Signaling sexual maturity
B. Supporting immune defense
C. Influencing mate attraction
D. Distinguishing between sexes

B. Supporting immune defense

The development of secondary sexual characteristics is primarily influenced by:

A. Digestive enzymes
B. Circulatory pressure
C. Hormonal changes
D. Environmental temperature

C. Hormonal changes

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic typical of males?

A. Wider pelvis
B. Development of breasts
C. Facial hair growth
D. Increased estrogen levels

C. Facial hair growth

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic in females?

A. Deeper voice
B. Facial hair
C. Broader shoulders
D. Breast development

D. Breast development

Secondary sexual characteristics:

A. Originate from unrelated tissues in males and females
B. Originate from same structures, but significant differences between sexes
C. Are only present in males
D. Are fully developed before birth

B. Originate from same structures, but significant differences between sexes

What are sex organs also commonly known as?

A. Hormones
B. Gonads
C. Genitals or Genitalia
D. Chromosomes

C. Genitals or Genitalia

What is another name for the primary sex organs?

A. Receptors
B. Hormone glands
C. Gonads
D. Endocrine nodes

C. Gonads

What is the main function of the primary sex organs?

A. Produce hormones only
B. Initiate puberty
C. Produce gametes
D. Protect internal organs

C. Produce gametes

What describes gametes?

A. Diploid body cells used in growth
B. Haploid germ cells used in reproduction
C. Cells that destroy pathogens
D. Fat storage cells

B. Haploid germ cells used in reproduction

Which of the following is a female gamete?

A. Spermatozoon
B. Ovum
C. Follicle
D. Zygote

B. Ovum

What is the name of the male gamete?

A. Ovum
B. Zygote
C. Spermatozoa
D. Oocyte

C. Spermatozoa

What is the result when an ovum and sperm cell fuse?

A. A haploid gamete
B. A follicle
C. A diploid zygote
D. A blastocyst

C. A diploid zygote

Which structure is the primary sex organ in males?

A. Penis
B. Testes
C. Vas deferens
D. Urethra

B. Testes

Which structure is the primary sex organ in females?

A. Uterus
B. Urethra
C. Vagina
D. Ovaries

D. Ovaries

What defines secondary sex organs?

A. They produce gametes
B. They regulate hormone cycles
C. They assist in the reproductive process but don’t make gametes
D. They produce estrogen and testosterone

C. They assist in the reproductive process but don’t make gametes

Which of the following is a male secondary sex organ?

ducts delivering sperm, glands producing semen (Prostate gland)

Which of the following is a female secondary sex organ?

A. Ovary
B. Cervix
C. Uterine (fallopian) tube, uterus, vagina
D. Clitoris

C. Uterine (fallopian) tube, uterus, vagina

In biological terms, which of the following determines that a parent is considered male?

A. Production of estrogen
B. Production of large, nutrient-rich cells
C. Production of sperm
D. Presence of two X chromosomes

C. Production of sperm

Which of the following is a defining feature of sperm cells?

A. They are stationary and nutrient-rich
B. They have a protective outer shell
C. They exhibit motility
D. They are produced in the ovaries

C. They exhibit motility

The presence of which chromosome is necessary for sperm production and male development?

A. X chromosome
B. Z chromosome
C. W chromosome
D. Y chromosome

D. Y chromosome

A parent that produces ovum is classified as:

A. Male
B. Female
C. Intersex
D. Hermaphroditic

B. Female

What are the key characteristics of the ovum?

A. Small and motile
B. Immobile and rich in nutrients
C. Capable of producing sperm
D. Requires the Y chromosome to develop

B. Immobile and rich in nutrients

The absence of which chromosome leads to the development of female reproductive characteristics?

A. X chromosome
B. Z chromosome
C. Y chromosome
D. W chromosome

C. Y chromosome

In mammals, which parent provides the internal environment for embryo development?

A. Male
B. Both equally
C. Female
D. It varies with species

C. Female

What are the hormones made from the Anterior Pituitary

• Gonadotropin Hormones (FSH, LH)

• TSH

• ACTH

• PRL

• GH

Which two hormones are classified as gonadotropins?

A. Estrogen and progesterone
B. FSH and LH
C. Oxytocin and prolactin
D. Testosterone and cortisol

B. FSH and LH

What is the primary target of gonadotropin hormones?

A. Pituitary gland
B. Hypothalamus
C. Gonads (ovaries and testes)
D. Adrenal glands

C. Gonads (ovaries and testes)

Why are gonadotropin hormones named as such?

A. Because they regulate blood calcium
B. Because they stimulate kidney function
C. Because of their effects on female reproductive structures
D. Because they influence muscle development

C. Because of their effects on female reproductive structures

What does "FSH" stand for?

A. Follicle-Secreting Hormone
B. Female Stimulating Hormone
C. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
D. Fertility-Stimulating Hormone

C. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

In females, what is the primary role of FSH?

A. Stimulates ovulation directly
B. Triggers uterine contractions
C. Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles
D. Maintains the corpus luteum

C. Stimulates the development of ovarian follicles

What does FSH do in males?

A. Triggers erection
B. Stimulates testosterone secretion
C. Stimulates sperm production
D. Causes ejaculation

C. Stimulates sperm production

What does "LH" stand for?

A. Luteum-Hormone
B. Luteinizing Hormone
C. Libido Hormone
D. Lymphatic Hormone

B. Luteinizing Hormone

In females, LH is responsible for which of the following?

A. Follicle development
B. Ovulation and corpus luteum formation
C. Uterine lining thickening
D. Sperm transport

B. Ovulation and corpus luteum formation

What is the function of LH in males?

A. Stimulates follicle development
B. Inhibits testosterone secretion
C. Stimulates testosterone secretion from testes
D. Triggers ejaculation

C. Stimulates testosterone secretion from testes

In males, puberty is defined as the period between:

A. Birth and first signs of facial hair
B. Onset of gonadotropin secretion and first ejaculation of viable sperm
C. Age 15 to 18
D. Testosterone secretion and facial hair growth

B. Onset of gonadotropin secretion and first ejaculation of viable sperm

At what age does puberty typically begin and end in males?

A. 6 to 10
B. 8 to 11
C. 10 to 14
D. 13 to 17

C. 10 to 14

In females, puberty is defined as the period from the start of gonadotropin secretion until:

A. Breast development
B. Ovulation begins
C. Menopause
D. Menarche (first menstrual period)

D. Menarche (first menstrual period)

Which of the following is true regarding the age of onset of female puberty?

A. It is the same for all individuals
B. It does not depend on body composition
C. It varies considerably among individuals
D. It always starts after age 12

C. It varies considerably among individuals

What must females possess to initiate puberty?

A. High estrogen levels
B. Sufficient body fat
C. Low cortisol levels
D. Fully developed ovaries

B. Sufficient body fat

Which hormone is not produced if a female lacks sufficient body fat, thus delaying puberty?

A. FSH
B. LH
C. Estrogen
D. GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

D. GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

What is the average age range for the onset and end of puberty in females?

A. Starts 8–10, ends ~12.5
B. Starts 10–12, ends ~16
C. Starts 6–9, ends ~11
D. Starts 12–14, ends ~17

A. Starts 8–10, ends ~12.5

Adolescence is best defined as the period from:

A. Birth until menarche
B. Onset of puberty until full adult height is achieved
C. Age 5 to 10
D. Puberty to reproductive maturity

B. Onset of puberty until full adult height is achieved

Which of the following statements is true?

A. Adolescence is shorter than puberty
B. Adolescence and puberty are the same
C. Adolescence is longer than puberty
D. Puberty ends after adolescence

C. Adolescence is longer than puberty

What is the general hormonal trigger that initiates puberty in both males and females?

A. Cortisol release
B. Insulin secretion
C. Gonadotropin secretion
D. Growth hormone secretion

C. Gonadotropin secretion

Which two androgens primarily drive puberty in males?

A. Estradiol and progesterone
B. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
C. Insulin and cortisol
D. LH and FSH

B. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

What are the primary effects of testosterone during male puberty?

A. Decreased libido, body fat loss
B. Sperm production, body growth, increased libido
C. Body hair growth, acne
D. Ovulation and menstruation

B. Sperm production, body growth, increased libido

Which effects are specifically associated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in males?

A. Pubic hair and menstruation
B. Breast development and increased height
C. Body and facial hair growth, increased skin oil, acne
D. Bone density and growth plate closure

C. Body and facial hair growth, increased skin oil, acne

What do ovarian follicles produce to initiate puberty in females?

A. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens
B. Testosterone and prolactin
C. Cortisol and insulin
D. Growth hormone and oxytocin

A. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens

Which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females during puberty?

A. Widening of the pelvis
B. Deposition of body fat
C. Generalized body growth
D. All the above

D. All the above

Which combination of hormones is most associated with thelarche, the beginning of breast development?

A. Androgens and DHT
B. Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin
C. Testosterone, estradiol
D. LH and FSH

B. Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin

Pubarche, or the development of pubic and axillary hair, is primarily stimulated by:

A. Estrogen
B. Growth hormone
C. Androgens
D. Progesterone

C. Androgens

What marks the occurrence of menarche in female puberty?

A. Ovulation begins
B. Fertility ends
C. First menstrual period
D. First appearance of acne

C. First menstrual period