concentration of solutions

what is the concentration of a solution?

measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solvent

what is a dilute solution?

one that contains a small amount of solute

what is a concentrated solution?

one that contains a large amount of solute

what is molarity ( M )?

number of moles of solute dissolved in one of solution

equation for molarity:

molarity = moles of solute/ liters of solution

what does diluting a solution reduce?

number of moles of solute volume

what doesnt diluting a solution do?

doesn’t change the total number of moles of solute in a solution

in a dilution, more ____ is added

solvent

equation for dilution

M1V1=M2V2

how can concentration of a solution be expressed?

by percent by volume or percent by mass of the solute

% by volume ( %v / v )

volume of solute / volume of solution x 100

% by mass ( % m / m )

mass of solute / mass of solution x 100

why are C-H bonds considered nonpolar

bc the small diff in electronegativiy

hydrocarbons tend to be ____ in polar solvents

insoluble

how do you inc solubility

inc number of polar groups

as the carbon chain of an alcohol inc… ( what happens to the solubility? )

solubility decreases due to the inc london despersed forces

• molecule begins to act more non-polar

why are network solids not soluble in polar or nonpolar substances

the strong bonding forces within the solid

• ex: diamond and SiO2

what does henry’s law show

relationship between pressure and solubility of a gas

henry’s alw equation:

s1/p2 = s2/p2

• S= solubility of a gas ( M=molarity)

• P= partial pressure of the gas ( atm )