4.4 Market Revolution

Define Market Revolution

linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation

What new technologies contributed to economic growth?

Cotton gin, spinning machine, interchangeable parts, steamboats, trains

How did the Market Revolution affect society and immigration?

Increased wealth inequality, influx of immigration (especially to eastern cities), growing middle class, women working in factories (to a degree) but still limited by cult of domesticity

\~2 million immigrants from 1820-1840, mostly Irish/Lowell mills

Samuel Slater

"Father of the Factory System" who learned of textile machinery while in Britain, bringing the technology to the United States later on.

Natvism

American prejudice against immigrants in the United States; especially in the workforce, politics, and religion.

Know Nothing Party

A party that favored native-born people over immigrants.

Robert Fulton

invented the first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807, causing an increase of US trade (due to lack of concern over water currents) and the development of the Southern and Western economies.

Cyrus McCormick

invented the mechanical mower-reaper to harvest grain, leading to large-scale production and growth of cash crops.

Eli Whitney

invented cotton gin, interchangeable parts

Canals

The **Erie Canal** was completed in 1825 which linked western farms with eastern cities. This inspired canals to be built in many other locations due to its financial success. 

❏ Improved travel resulted in **lower costs for shipped goods, faster shipping times, and stronger economic ties between the east and the west.** 

Steam engines and Steamboats

❏ Prior to steam-engines, water-power was the primary use of power. Steam-power meant that factories could be located anywhere. They began being used in the U.S. in the 1800s. 

❏ Steamboats began with the 1807 voyage of the *Clermont* up the Hudson River, which was developed by **Robert Fulton**. They traveled at roughly 5 miles per hour. 

❏ **Hauling freight from Cincinnati to New York went from a 7-week process to less than three weeks.**

Railroads

 Railroad lines began being built in the 1820s despite having a lot of safety issues at first

❏ Cleveland, Cincinnati, Detroit, and Chicago became booming commercial centers due to railroads being built 

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❏ **Railroads were mainly built in the north** 

Growth of industry

inventions, factory system, commercial agriculture, cotton in the South

Effects of Market Revolution

Population growth and Immigration

Transformation from a subsistence economy of tiny farms to a national economy (all sections are connected) 

Cotton Gin revives slavery in South 

Changes in the family dynamics as more women are leaving the home to work in factories; however, **Cult of Domesticity** is still firmly in place