Mass Atrocities

• refers to the deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular ethnic, religious, or national group

  • often state-sponsored and involves mass killings, forced deportations, and cultural destruction

  • is the intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group

  • a crime that is recognized internationally

Genocide

• refers to the forced removal of an ethnic or religious group from a particular territory, often through violence, intimidation, or deportation

  • focuses on eliminating a group's presence in a specific area

  • however it can still involve mass killings

Ethnic Cleansing

• refers to prejudice, discrimination, or hostility toward Jewish people

  • including the rise of fascism and the establishment of Israel in 1948 following the Holocaust

Anti Semitism

• was the ‘survival of the fittest’ in a worse way

  • a pseudo-science (fake science) that claims you can create a better race of people by preventing the reproduction of people you believe are inferior due to race, ability, sexuality, or other reasons

Eugenics

• refers to the misapplication of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human society, suggesting that certain races or societies are naturally "superior" and entitled to dominate others

  • often used to justify imperialism, racism, and social inequality, based on the idea of "survival of the fittest."

Social Darwinism

• is an organized system of misusing science to promote false scientific beliefs in which dominant racial and ethnic groups are perceived as being superior

  • influences racial bias and discrimination in science and research

Scientific Racism

• was the systematic murder of Europe's Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Second World War

  • was the murder of millions of Jews and other persecuted groups across Nazi-occupied Europe in World War II

Holocaust

• which intentionally killed disabled teens, adults, and elderly people, who were considered “unfit” members of society

  • was a Nazi German effort

T4 Program

• medical killing

  • act of casing the quick or painless death, usually to relieve or avert suffering

Euthenasia

• units of the Nazi security forces composed of members of the SS

  • acted as mobile killing units during the German invasions of Poland (1939) and the Soviet Union (1941)

  • local non-Jews who were trained and encouraged by German paramilitary death squads

Einsatzgruppen (SS)

• Nazi plan to eliminate Europe’s Jewish population

  • was implemented from 1941 to 1945 and resulted in the systematic murder of 6 million Jews across 21 countries

  • the plan to exterminate the Jewish population during World War II

Final Solution

• refer to detention centers used by governments to imprison large groups of people, often under harsh and inhumane conditions

  • this was where millions of Jews, political prisoners, Roma, and other persecuted groups were imprisoned, forced into labor, and killed as part of the Holocaust

Concentration camps

• refer to Nazi camps specifically designed for the mass murder of people during the Holocaust in World War II

  • which primarily served as detention and labor camps, extermination camps were focused on the systematic killing of large numbers of people, especially Jews

Extermination camps

• refers to the largest and most infamous Nazi concentration and extermination camp during World War II

  • located in occupied Poland

Auschwitz

• refer to the basic rights and freedoms that all individuals are entitled to, simply by being human

  These Rights include:

• The right to life, liberty, and security

• Freedom of expression and assembly

• The right to a fair trial and equal protection under the law

• Freedom from torture, slavery, and discrimination

Human Rights

• refers to the mass murder and atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979

  • is a tragic example of the extreme violence and human rights violations that occurred in the aftermath of conflicts during the Cold War

Cambodian Genocide

• refers to the leader of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia from 1975 to 1979

  • is infamous for leading the Cambodian Genocide

Pol Pot

• refers to the communist movement and regime in Cambodia that took power in 1975 under the leadership of Pol Pot

  • aimed to transform Cambodia into an agrarian utopia by implementing a radical version of Marxist-Leninist ideology

Khmer Rouge

• refers to the mass slaughter of the Tutsi ethnic group by the Hutu majority in Rwanda between April and July 1994

  • tragic event resulted in the deaths of an estimated 800,000 people

Rwandan Genocide

• are an ethnic group native to Rwanda and Burundi, two countries in East Africa

  • are often described as being more aristocratic or elite, although this distinction was largely shaped by colonial rule rather than inherent cultural differences

Tutsis

• are an ethnic group primarily found in Rwanda and Burundi, two countries in East Africa

  • have been opposed to the Tutsis

Hutus

• refers to the man-made famine that occurred in Soviet Ukraine between 1932 and 1933

  • is often explained alongside other genocidal events

Holodomor

• is a country in Eastern Europe with a long and complex history, shaped by shifting empires, political struggles, and conflicts

  • has been at the crossroads of various civilizations, and its people have fought for independence and autonomy against larger, more powerful neighbors

Ukraine

• was the President of Iraq from 1979 until his overthrow in 2003

  • also known for his dictatorial rule

Saddam Hussein

• are an ethnic group primarily found in the regions of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran, and Armenia

  • have faced significant challenges over the years, particularly due to political and ethnic tensions in the countries they inhabit

Kurds

• is a country in Southeastern Europe, part of the Balkans

  • its history is marked by a series of conflicts, ethnic tensions, and political changes, particularly in the 20th century, as well as the impact of ethnic and religious divisions

Bosnia

• is a country in Southeastern Europe that has played a significant role in both regional and global conflicts over the centuries, particularly in the context of ethnic nationalism, imperialism, and the breakup of Yugoslavia

  • was a country that fought Austro-Hungary in World War I

Serbia

• refers to a region in western Sudan that became the center of a devastating genocide and humanitarian crisis in the early 21st century

  • is an example of ethnic violence, civil war, and international intervention

Darfur

• is a country in northeastern Africa with a long history marked by ancient civilizations, colonialism, ethnic conflict, and political instability

  • as it provides an example of colonialism, the impact of ethnic and religious divisions, and the challenges of nation-building in a post-colonial world

Sudan

• are a Muslim ethnic minority group primarily from the Rakhine State in Myanmar (Burma)

  • the group has been at the center of a humanitarian crisis and ethnic conflict in the 21st century, drawing significant international attention due to their persecution

Rohingya