Hon Mid Term

For former Confederate states to re-enter the Union: 

 

The had to accept the newest amendments that gave Black men more liberties

After the Civil War, some formerly enslaved people acquired land from sub-divided plantations and: 

 

lost it due to state confiscation laws

Reconstruction is the time period:

 

After the Civil War

The main goal of the Freedmen's Bureau during Reconstruction was to:  

 

help African Americans with jobs and educational opportunities

Carpetbaggers: 

 

Were northerners during Reconstruction who wanted to get rich in the South

Lynching: 

 

Was a method used by White people to discourage Black political participation

A result of 1868 impeachment was that: 

 

the president had less power but remained in office

Minstrel Shows: 

 

Spread African-American culture but also perpetuated stereotypes

After Reconstruction, the sentiment of most Southerners toward the Republican Party was: 

 

They voted for the Democratic Party for the next 90 years

The Lost Cause: 

 

Was a mythology that united the Reconstructed White South

Steel production had grown before the Civil War in the North, but after the war grew in the South around which city? 

Birmingham

The Credit Mobilier and The Whiskey Ring revealed:

 

Corruption was common in the Grant Administration

The sharecropping system after the Civil War: 

 

was unfair for the small farmers who were involved in it

One of the economic results of the Black Codes was that it: 

 

provided free labor for former plantations

Booker T. Washington's philosophy on race relations was for African Americans to: 

 

assimilate and cater to White people

After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, who became the next president? 

 

Andrew Johnson

Why did some Southern plantation owners move to Latin America after the Civil War?  

 

So they could own plantations after the U.S. ended slavery

Poll taxes and the Understanding Clause: 

 

Were two ways to prevent Black people from voting in the South

The 15^th Amendment:

 

Provided Black men the right to vote

The Hayes-Tilden Compromise: 

 

Officially ended Reconstruction

After Reconstruction, the "Solid South" referred to: 

 

Southern states voting Democratic for the next century

Lintheads were: 

 

Cotton factory workers in the South

President Andrew Johnson’s policy toward the South after the Civil War was:

 

Treat the South lightly to reconcile

The 14^th Amendment:

 

Officially defined who was a citizen of the U.S.

An unexpected result of the 13th Amendment was that it led to the growth of what cultural institution? 

 

the African American church

The Ku Klux Klan: 

 

Was established to prevent Black liberties

What caused the federal government to stop caring as much for African Americans through the Freedmen's Bureau? 

 

The Panic of 1873

Radical Republican Reconstruction relied on power and enforcement by: 

 

the military

The 14th Amendment granted a lot of rights, but ignored who? 

Women

Immediately after the Civil War, southern state leadership: 

 

was the same leaders from the Confederacy

What was Andrew Johnson's major fault as viewed by Radical Republican leadership? 

 

he was a Southerner

Lincoln's tone on Reconstruction plans after the Civil War: 

 

focused on Reconciliation

The Thirteenth Amendment:

 

Officially ended slavery in the United States

Which of the following best describes the economic conditions in the South immediately after the Civil War?

 

The South was economically devastated by the war and end of slavery

The Tenure of Office Act and the Command of Army Act technically both violated which constitutional principle? 

 

Separation of powers

President Grant was:

 

New to politics when he was elected

Regarding Reconstruction, Southern states:

 

Typically opposed military occupation and governance

President Johnson was _____________ which meant he was put on trial by the Senate and Supreme Court.

 

Impeached

Plessy v. Ferguson: 

 

Gave legal support to provisions that were segregated by race

The Enforcement Acts of 1870 squashed the first iteration of the: 

 

Ku Klux Klan

As Western states filled with more people they were organized into states, except for _________ which was prevented from joining the Union until the question of polygamy was answered. 

Utah

People of Spanish and Mexican ancestry who remained in Texas as it swapped from Mexico to the U.S. are called: 

Tejanos

The Nez Perce, Sioux, and Apache: 

 

Were all hunted down by the U.S. Army ending in brutal attacks

Little Bighorn: 

 

Was a loss by the American Army that fueled a final brutal push against Native Americans

One way that rail companies were encouraged to build more rail lines across the American West was by:

 

States and the federal government offering land as reward for rail lines

One of the advantages of economies of scale like larger farms is that: 

 

it usually leads to cheaper prices

Some of the earliest technology used by cattle ranchers in the American West came from ______________.

 

Mexican vaqueros

In the 1870s and 1880s, meat became easier to ship because of: 

 

the refrigerated boxcar

One of the most culturally destructive parts of the Dawes Act was:  

 

Forcing Native children to attend schools and abandon Native ways

_________ was largely responsible for bringing supplies to towns of the American West and taking cattle out of the West to meatpacking towns like Chicago. 

Railroads

Often when Native Americans attacked White wagon trains: 

 

It was because White people had instigated conflicts

The ________ were originally welcomed to the West to help with building the Trans-Continental Railroad but later excluded to neighborhoods and had their rights restricted by legislation. 

Chinese

Because of railroad collusion: 

 

people were at the mercy of high rail freight shipping charges

Unlike farming in the eastern part of the United States, farming in the Plains and West had to specialize in ______________ that saved water and planted drought-resistant crops. 

 

dry farming

Another way that caused people to fall in love the West was through presentations like: 

 

Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Shows

One major engineering feat of the 1860s was ____________________ which linked San Francisco to Omaha in a much faster connection than the wagon. 

 

Transcontinental railroad

The lack of water in the 1880s West led to the development of: 

reservoirs

In the West, the primary role of the cowboy was to: 

 

herd cattle and sheep

In the 1870s Californian policy makers began a racist practice of discriminating Latinos to undesirable neighborhoods called: 

 

Barrios

In the mid 1800s, Native Americans in the U.S. Plains relied heavily on which two animals for transport and food? 

 

Horse and buffalo

During the 1870s and 1880s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs: 

 

Was corrupt and typically cheated and starved Native Americans

When Oklahoma was opened to White settlement, the people who settled it were named: 

 

Sooners

Why were some many immigrants welcomed to mining towns in the American West? 

 

There was a labor shortage, so workers were needed, no matter ethnicity

For the Sioux, the Ghost Dance was: 

 

Part of religious revival

One unique group that migrated to parts of Minnesota, the Dakotas, and Iowa were: 

Scandinavians

The Battle of Wounded Knee: 

 

Was effectually the last large battle between the U.S. Army and Natives

Because settlers in California stated to see Chinese immigrants as an economic threat, they began restricting their rights, where they could live, and what they could do. In response, the Chinese: 

 

began to form tongs to fight back and support each other

The Dawes Act: 

 

Created opportunity for White people to steal land from Native Americans

The Homestead Act: 

 

Encouraged people to move out West and settle on land

Exodusters: 

 

moved to the Plains to get away from racism and find economic opportunity

The Comstock Lode: 

 

Was a successful mine in Nevada

Cowboys fighting over open land in the West for the purpose of ranching grew into the:  

 

Range Wars

Regarding the Native Wars, after the Civil War:

 

The Army increased its efforts of attacking and removing Native Americans

An army division of African American soldiers who fought in the West were named _____________________.

 

Buffalo Solders

The Red River Wars were waged against people who eventually settled the northern parts of what state? 

Texas

In the 1870s and 1880s, novels and art: 

 

Made the West look more appealing

As mining encouraged more people to move to the American West, the raw materials that were mined were: 

 

Used in factories in the Eastern part of the U.S.

How did Wyoming encourage more people to settle its territory so it could become a state? 

 

It allowed women the right to vote

"Drives" in the 1870s and 1880s connected which two elements? 

 

cattle and rail lines

The invention that revolutionized cattle ranching in the American West was: 

 

Barbed wire

Which political party was formed in the 1860s specifically to encourage the printing of more currency? 

Greenbackers

Early in the oil boom of the United States, crude oil was extracted for what purpose? 

 

lubrication of machinery

Puck Magazine: 

 

Served a role in American culture of satirizing American politics

When "new stock" immigrants moved to the U.S. during the 1880s and 1890s, they typically lived: 

 

in tightly packed neighborhoods with other immigrants

Drinking water in urban areas during the gilded age: 

 

Was susceptible to typhoid and cholera

Union strikes during the Gilded Age: 

 

Were typically ended by court rulings and army intervention

The Gospel of Wealth: 

 

Gave people the perception that hard work will always lead to success

Free enterprise means that government was hands-off on the activities in the market. This was welcomed in the Gilded Age unless: 

 

It allowed competition to the large companies

In the 1870s and 1880s, department stores came into existence and focused on: 

 

Marketing toward women

The Death of President Garfield: 

 

led to reform in the federal hiring process

The earliest of American Sociologists: 

 

Focused on the problems of the poor in cities

Social Darwinism became popular in the U.S. in the 1880s as it: 

 

Fit into the false ideals of the Gospel of Wealth, poverty, and racism

An example of vertical integration is: 

 

A fast food company that owns farms, meat processing, and a soda company

Second generation immigrants: 

 

Assimilated into American culture easier because of public schools

In the Gilded Age, The Ashcan School: 

 

Was an American art movement focuses on industrialism and the drawbacks of it

Because of the increase in the number of machines used in manufacturing during the Gilded Age: 

 

More women and children became employed in factories

The term to describe the rapid inventions of electricity, radio, telephone, the automobile, and the airplane that all make life more comfortable is: 

 

Modernity

Trusts:

are groups of companies held under one umbrella company

Immigrants in the 1880s:

Starts coming from Southern Eastern Europe

One of the major reasons why "new stock" immigrants from Eastern Europe were disliked in the U.S. is that: 

 

They worked for lower wages than people living in the U.S.