IBDP English B HL

Semester 1 Vocab Flashcard

Ritual

仪式 - A set of actions performed in a specific order, often for religious, cultural, or traditional purposes.

Taboo

禁忌 - something that a culture or community strongly forbids or considers unacceptable

Practice

习惯 - a repeated action or behavior that people regularly do, often as part of a tradition or habit.

Customary

遵守习俗的 - something that is usual, expected, or traditionally done within a particular group or culture.

Folklore

民族学 - the traditional stories, beliefs, legends, and customs of a community passed down through generations.

Attire

传统服饰 - clothing or the style of dress worn for a particular occasion or by a particular group.

Rite of passage

成人礼 - a ceremony or even that marks an important stage in a person’s life, such as entering adulthood or joining a group.

Code-switching

语码转换 - the practice of alternating between two or more languages, dialects, or language varieties in a single conversation or situation.

Dialect

方言 - a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary.

Loanword

外来词 - a word adopted from one language and incorporated into another without translation.

Prestige

威望 - the level of respect or status given to a particular language or dialect within a community.

Pigin

混杂语 - a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different native languages, usually for trade or practical purposes.

Rhotic

虚夸的言辞 - describes a dialect or accent in which the “r” sound is pronounced in all positions, such as in most North American and Irish accents, but not in most British accents

Imperturbable

冷静的 - calm

Litany

连祷文 - repetitive list

Foe

敌人 - enemy

Sodden

湿透的 - saturated, soaked with liquid

Folly

愚蠢的 - a foolish act

Bazaar

集市 - a market

Ruinous

灾难性的  - disastrous

Deride

嘲笑  - to express dislike for; to ridicule

Vanity

虚荣心 - excessive pride in one’s appearance, qualities, abilities, achievements.

Diaspora

背井离乡的人们 - A scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic region; often associated with cultural memory and identity

Assimilation

同化 - The process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural traits of another society, sometimes influencing food practices

Displacement

迁移 - Forced or voluntary movement away from one’s homeland, often influencing evolving food traditions

Authenticity

真实性 - The quality of being genuine or true to origin; often debated in discussions about traditional dishes adapting to new contexts

Adaptation

（食材）改编 - Modification of traditional recipes or ingredients due to new environments, availability, or cultural blending

Fusion

融合 - A culinary style that merges elements of multiple cultural cuisines

Commodity

商品 - A product that can be bought or sold; in diaspora contexts, traditional foods become global commodities

Localization

本地化 - tailoring a global or foreign food to local tastes and ingredient availability

Integrity

正直 - The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

Vision

视野 - the ability to think about or plan the future

Ambiguous

有歧义的 - open to more than one interpretation; unclear or inexact

Resilience

还原能力 - the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

Fulfillment

实现 - The achievement of something desired, promised, or predicted

Self-actualization

自我实现 - The realization or fulfillment of one’s talents and potential

Determination

决心 - Firmness of purpose; resoluteness

Discretion

谨慎 - The quality of being able to make responsible decisions, especially regarding sensitive topics

Altruism

利他主义 - The belief in or practice of selfness concern for the well-being of others.

Overstatement

夸大 - the action of expressing or stating something too strongly; exaggeration

objectify

拟物化 - express (something abstract) in a concrete form

Ratchet

棘轮条；大幅度提升 - a bar or wheel; cause something to rise or fall as a step in a steady and irreversible process.

conspicuously

显眼地 - in a way that attracts notice or attention

Deprogram

使放弃被灌输的理念 - To help someone change strong beliefs they picked up from a group or ideology, often giving new information and support

Skepticism

怀疑态度 - a careful attitude of questioning claims and asking for evidence before believing them

Dogmatic

教条主义的 - stubbornly sticking to beliefs as absolute truth, without considering other views or evidence

correlation

相关 - when two things happen at the same time or show a pattern together, it does not prove one causes the other

Anecdote

轶事 - A short personal story used to illustrate a point, which may not be a reliable evidence

Fallacy

谬论 - A mistaken idea or faulty reasoning that looks convincing but is logically wrong

Bias

偏差；偏向 - A preference or prejudice that affects how someone sees or interprets information

Aesthetic

审美的 - a set of visual or stylistic principles guiding appearance or design

Stigma

耻辱 - a social disapproval or mark of disgrace attached to a person or practice

Affiliation

隶属 - membership or association with a particular group or community

Subversive

颠覆性的 - intending to challenge or undermine established norms, institutions, or power structures.

Iconography

肖像学 - Visual images and symbols used collectively within a culture or group

Transgression

罪过 - The act of violating social norms or boundaries

Marginalization

被社会不接受 - The process by which a group is pushed to the fringes of society

Pigment

色素 - Purest chemical form of a give color

Reverence

尊敬 - Deep respect or awe, especially for elders.

Deference

遵从 - respectful submission or yielding to the authority or judgement of another, especially elders

Legacy

遗产 - Something handed down from one generation to another, especially values or traditions

Ancestral

祖传的 - Pertaining to one’s ancestors; used in reference to respect for familial lineage

Benevolence

仁慈 - the quality of being kind and well-meaning, often shown towards the elderly

Veneration

敬重 - great respect, particularly for elders and ancestors

Intergenerational

影响着所有代人 - relating to, or involving different generations, especially in terms of respect and understanding

Ingenuity

心灵手巧 - someone’s ability to think of clever new ways of doing something

Innovation

创新 - creating something new or changing how something is done

Artistic expression

艺术类的表达 - using art to communicate ideas, feelings, or messages

Convention

惯例 - a traditional or expected way of doing something

Perspective

透视 - A way of seeing or understanding the world

Provocation

挑衅/激发 - Something that challenges or shocks people into thinking

Artificial Intelligence

人工智能 - computer technology that allows something to be done in a way that is similar to the way a human would do it

Foe

敌人 - an enemy or a competitor

Critical thinking

批判性思维 - the ability to analyze information and make reasoned judgements.

Accountability

责任 - responsibility for decisions or actions

Transparency

通透的 - the quality of being done in an open way without secrets

Misinformation

错误信息 - false or misleading information spread intentionally or unintentionally

Authenticity

真实性 - being genuine or real

Implications

暗示 - the possible future effects or outcomes of a decision or idea.

Patent

专利 - legal right to own an invention

Intellectual property

精神财富 - creations of the mind that can be owned

Esoteric

深奥的 - very specialized, understood by few

Pending

待决的 - Waiting for a decision

Humane

富于同情心的 - kind, causing little harm

Grant

批准 - official approval

Terminate

终结 - to end something

Application

申请 - formal request