Pediatric Development and Immunization — Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the video notes on development, growth, nutrition, assessment, vaccines, and pediatric care.

Development

Continuous, orderly series of conditions that lead to activities, new motives, and patterns of behavior; growth parameters include height, weight, length, head circumference (till age 3), eruption of teeth, and growth spurts.

Growth parameters

Measurements used to track growth: height, weight, length, head circumference (up to 3 years), tooth eruption, and growth spurts.

Fine motor development

Coordination of small muscles; relies on myelin coating nerves.

Gross motor development

Large muscle movements; generally develops before fine motor skills.

Language development milestone

Rapid language growth beginning around age 1 year.

Piaget

Cognitive development theory describing how children construct knowledge through stages.

Erikson

Psychosocial development theory; includes stages such as Trust vs Mistrust.

Kohlberg

Moral development theory describing the progression of moral reasoning.

Anterior fontanelle

Soft spot on a baby’s head that typically remains open until about 12–18 months.

Posterior fontanelle

Back-of-the-head soft spot that usually closes by about 2–3 months.

Toxic stress screening

Assessment for toxic stress and risk factors (poverty, unstable housing, domestic issues, mental health, substance use) starting in the newborn period.

PEDS

Parental Evaluation of Development Status; a screening instrument for developmental status.

Denver Developmental Screening Test

A developmental screening test used to identify potential delays.

SWYC

Screening instrument for well-being of children; part of developmental assessment.

Infant Development Inventory

Screening tool to assess infant development.

Nutritional promotion

Education and guidance on feeding practices for children to promote healthy growth.

Breastfeeding

Breast milk is recommended up to about 12 months; ongoing guidance on alternatives as needed.

Introduction of solids

Solid foods generally introduced between 4–6 months, when infant can sit with support.

Milk intake guidelines

1–8 years: about 2 cups of milk/day (fat-free/low-fat after age 2); 9+ years: about 3 cups/day.

Juice limit

Limit juice to about 4 ounces per day.

Fat intake guidelines

Fat should comprise 30–35% of calories at ages 2–3; 25–35% for ages 4–18.

Vitamin D supplementation

Breastfed infants should receive 400 IU of vitamin D daily.

Live attenuated vaccine

Vaccine potency diminished so it does not cause full illness but prompts antibody production.

Killed/inactivated vaccine

Vaccine containing pathogens inactivated by chemicals or heat to stimulate antibody production without disease.

Intramuscular injection sites

Infants/children: anterolateral thigh; older children: deltoid muscle.

ADPIE

Nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

Immunization steps

Process: ask questions (allergies, immunocompromised, reactions), provide fact sheet, administer vaccine, document lot/date/route, monitor for reactions, follow up.

Empowerment

Promoting the family’s sense of competence through education to support parents’ skills and confidence.

Professional boundaries

Be aware of the fine line between empathy and over-involvement with families.

Trust vs mistrust

Erikson’s first psychosocial stage; development of trust through consistent caregiving.

Magical thinking

Preschool cognitive feature where children attribute cause-and-effect to fantasies or wishes.

Concrete thinking

School-age cognitive pattern; reasoning based on concrete, tangible information and visible rules.

Visual impairment communication

Orient the child; keep environment consistent; face the child; identify yourself; speak clearly.

Toddler development features

Security objects, parallel play, routines; early two-word expressions; short attention spans.

Two-word combinations

Toddler milestone of combining two words to express wants or needs.

Preschool expectations

Strive for independence; understand cooperation; rapid vocabulary growth; time limits; magical thinking present.

School-age expectations

Understand rules; longer attention; expanded vocabulary; concrete thinking; use photos/charts.

Adolescent expectations

Develop independence; identify with a group; value privacy; engage in reasoned conversation; longer attention spans.

Separation anxiety: Protest

First stage where the child is agitated, cries, and is inconsolable.

Separation anxiety: Despair

Second stage where the child becomes quiet, withdrawn, and hopeless.

Separation anxiety: Detachment/Denial

Third stage where the child shows environment interest but may ignore parents; withdrawal may occur.

Therapeutic play

Play used to teach and help the child process feelings during medical experiences.

Emotional play

Play that acts out real-life stressors to provide an outlet for expression.

Hearing impairment strategies

Identify preferred communication mode, always face the child, do not shout or over-enunciate.

Language barrier strategies

Identify an interpreter; use communication boards or equivalent aids.

Neurological impairment strategies

Address the child directly, speak softly, calmly, and clearly.

SIDS prevention

Place infants in a safe sleeping environment; room-share with parents for the first 6 months; avoid loose bedding or objects in crib.

AAP breastfeeding recommendation

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months when possible.

Sleep safety practices

Sleep on the back; room-sharing without bed-sharing; keep crib free of loose items; avoid high water temps and other hazards.