Chemistry Cations + Anions Types + Polyatomic Ions and Acids

Dawson General Chemistry 202-SN1-RE – Wanying Zhang sections || A periodic table will be provided in exam

hydrogen ion

H⁺

lithium ion

Li⁺

sodium ion

Na⁺

potassium ion

K⁺

rubidium ion

Rb⁺

cesium ion

Cs⁺

beryllium ion

Be²⁺

magnesium ion

Mg²⁺

calcium ion

Ca²⁺

strontium ion

Sr²⁺

barium ion

Ba²⁺

aluminum ion

Al³⁺

gallium ion

Ga³⁺

zinc ion

Zn²⁺

silver ion

Ag⁺

cadmium ion

Cd²⁺

hydride

H⁻

fluoride

F⁻

chloride

Cl⁻

bromide

Br⁻

iodide

I⁻

oxide

O²⁻

sulfide

S²⁻

nitride

N³⁻

mercury(I)

Hg₂²⁺ (always a bonded pair)

Common ion charges of titanium?

Ti³⁺, Ti⁴⁺

Common ion charges of vanadium?

V³⁺, V⁵⁺

Common ion charges of chromium?

Cr²⁺, Cr³⁺

Common ion charges of manganese?

Mn²⁺, Mn⁴⁺

Common ion charges of iron?

Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺

Common ion charges of cobalt?

Co²⁺, Co³⁺

Common ion charges of nickel?

Ni²⁺, Ni³⁺

Common ion charges of copper?

Cu⁺, Cu²⁺

Common ion charges of ruthenium?

Ru³⁺, Ru⁴⁺

Common ion charges of palladium?

Pd²⁺, Pd⁴⁺

Common ion charges of platinum?

Pt²⁺, Pt⁴⁺

Common ion charges of gold?

Au⁺, Au³⁺

Common ion charges of mercury?

Hg₂²⁺ (mercury(I)), Hg²⁺ (mercury(II))

Common ion charges of tin?

Sn²⁺, Sn⁴⁺

Common ion charges of lead?

Pb²⁺, Pb⁴⁺

Common ion charges of uranium?

U⁴⁺, U⁶⁺

ammonium

NH₄⁺

hydroxide

OH⁻

cyanide

CN⁻

peroxide

O₂²⁻

nitrite

NO₂⁻

nitrate

NO₃⁻

sulfite

SO₃²⁻

sulfate

SO₄²⁻

hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO₄⁻

thiosulfate

S₂O₃²⁻

phosphite

PO₃³⁻

phosphate

PO₄³⁻

hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

dihydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

carbonate

CO₃²⁻

hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO₃⁻

hypochlorite

ClO⁻ (or OCl⁻)

chlorite

ClO₂⁻

chlorate

ClO₃⁻

perchlorate

ClO₄⁻

acetate

C₂H₃O₂⁻ (or CH₃COO⁻)

permanganate

MnO₄⁻

chromate

CrO₄²⁻

dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

oxalate

C₂O₄²⁻

thiocyanate

SCN⁻ (or NCS⁻)

nitric acid

HNO₃

nitrous acid

HNO₂

sulfuric acid

H₂SO₄

sulfurous acid

H₂SO₃

phosphoric acid

H₃PO₄

acetic acid

HC₂H₃O₂ (or CH₃COOH)

Prefix for 1?

mono-

Prefix for 2?

di-

Prefix for 3?

tri-

Prefix for 4?

tetra-

Prefix for 5?

penta-

Prefix for 6?

hexa-

Prefix for 7?

hepta-

Prefix for 8?

octa-

Prefix for 9?

nona-

Prefix for 10?

deca-

What ending does a monatomic anion name take?

-ide (e.g. Cl⁻ = chloride, O²⁻ = oxide)

-ite vs -ate: what is the difference?

-ite has ONE LESS oxygen than -ate (e.g. NO₂⁻ nitrite / NO₃⁻ nitrate)

How are Type II (variable-charge) cations named?

Metal name + charge in Roman numerals, e.g. iron(III) = Fe³⁺

Which polyatomic cation is a bonded pair?

Mercury(I), Hg₂²⁺

Order the chlorine oxyanions from fewest to most oxygens

ClO⁻ hypochlorite < ClO₂⁻ chlorite < ClO₃⁻ chlorate < ClO₄⁻ perchlorate

Symbol for hydrogen?

H

Symbol for helium?

He

Symbol for lithium?

Li

Symbol for beryllium?

Be

Symbol for boron?

B

Symbol for carbon?

C

Symbol for nitrogen?

N

Symbol for oxygen?

O

Symbol for fluorine?

F

Symbol for neon?

Ne

Symbol for sodium?

Na

Symbol for magnesium?

Mg