female reproductive system part 2

cervical cancer (carcinoma of the cervix)

malignant cell within the cervix

cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix

endometrial cancer (carcinoma of the endometrium)

malignant tumor of the uterine lining (adenocarcinoma)

endometriosis

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

fibroids

benign tumors in the uterus

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)

ovarian cysts

fluid-filled sacs within the ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvis and abdomen; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)

fibrocystic breast disease

numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

abruptio placentae

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

choriocarcinoma

malignant tumor of the placenta

ectopic pregnancy

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterus

multiple gestations

presence of more than one embryo developing in the uterus during pregnancy

placenta previa

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

preeclampasia

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache

down syndrome

genetic chromosome abnormality (trisomy 21), which can distinct facial appearance, intellectual disability, and developmental delays

hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN)

destruction of red blood cells in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus

infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn

hydrocephalus

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

meconium aspiration syndrome

abnormal inhalation of meconium produced by a fetus or newborn

pyloric stenosis

narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

pap test (pap smear)

microscopic examination of cells removed from the vagina and cervix

pregnancy test

blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

mammography

x-ray imaging of the breast

breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI

technologies using sound waves and a magnetic field to create images of breast tissue

pelvic ultrasonography

recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region

cauterization

destruction of tissue by burning

colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

conization

removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix

cryosurgery

use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue

dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)

widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus

exenteration

removal of internal organs within a cavity

fine needle aspiration

withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cyst or solid mass by suction with a needle

laparoscopy

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope (laparoscope)

tubal ligation

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

abortion (AB)

termination of pregnancy

amniocentesis

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

cesarean section

surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis

fetal monitoring

recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status and the progress of labor

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization