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Alkene → Alkane
Reagents: H₂, Ni catalyst; Conditions: 150°C; Type: Hydrogenation
Alkene → Haloalkane
Reagents: HX (e.g. HBr); Conditions: Room temperature; Type: Electrophilic addition
Alkene → Diol
Reagents: Acidified KMnO₄; Conditions: Cold, dilute; Type: Oxidation
Alkene → Alcohol
Reagents: Steam, H₃PO₄ catalyst; Conditions: 300°C, 60 atm; Type: Hydration (Electrophilic addition)
Alcohol → Alkene
Reagents: Conc. H₂SO₄ or H₃PO₄; Conditions: Heat under reflux; Type: Elimination
1° Alcohol → Aldehyde
Reagents: K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺; Conditions: Heat and distill; Type: Oxidation
1° Alcohol → Carboxylic acid
Reagents: K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Oxidation
2° Alcohol → Ketone
Reagents: K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Oxidation
Alcohol → Haloalkane
Reagents: PCl₅ / HBr / SOCl₂; Conditions: Room temperature; Type: Substitution
Alcohol → Ester
Reagents: Carboxylic acid + conc. H₂SO₄; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Esterification
Haloalkane → Alcohol
Reagents: Aqueous NaOH; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Nucleophilic substitution
Haloalkane → Amine
Reagents: Excess NH₃ in ethanol; Conditions: Heat in sealed tube; Type: Nucleophilic substitution
Haloalkane → Alkene
Reagents: Ethanolic KOH; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Elimination
Aldehyde → Alcohol
Reagents: NaBH₄; Conditions: Aqueous or alcoholic solvent; Type: Reduction (Nucleophilic addition)
Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
Reagents: K₂Cr₂O₇/H⁺; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Oxidation
Ketone → Alcohol
Reagents: NaBH₄; Conditions: Aqueous or alcoholic solvent; Type: Reduction (Nucleophilic addition)
Carboxylic acid → Ester
Reagents: Alcohol + conc. H₂SO₄; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Esterification
Ester → Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
Reagents: Aqueous acid or base; Conditions: Reflux; Type: Hydrolysis