MSHS Term 1 Science Reviewer
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349 Terms
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1. Scientific Method
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Problem/Question – Identify what you want to investigate.
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Gather Information – Research and collect background information.
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Form a Hypothesis – A testable prediction.
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Independent Variable (IV) – The factor you change.
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Dependent Variable (DV) – The factor you measure or observe.
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Control Group – The group that does not receive the experimental change.
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Experimental Group – The group exposed to the independent variable.
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Conduct Experiment & Collect Data – Perform the experiment and record observations.
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State Conclusion – Determine whether the results support the hypothesis.
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SMART
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S – Specific
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M – Measurable
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A – Achievable
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R – Realistic/Reliable
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T – Time-bound
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2. Analyzing & Interpreting Data
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Introduction – Explain what the data is about.
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Compare Data – Identify similarities and differences.
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Interpret Data – Explain what the results mean.
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Make a Conclusion – State what was learned from the data.
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3. Matter
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Matter – Anything that has mass and occupies space.
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Types of Matter
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Pure Substance – Matter made of only one kind of substance.
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Element – Made of only one type of atom.
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Examples: Gold, oxygen, iron
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Compound – Two or more different elements chemically combined.
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Examples: Water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂)
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Mixture – Two or more substances physically combined.
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Types of Mixtures
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Solid + Solid – sand and iron filings
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Solid + Liquid – sand and water
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Liquid + Liquid – oil and water
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Gas + Gas – air
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Homogeneous Mixture
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Uniform throughout
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Components are evenly distributed
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Example: salt water
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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Not uniform throughout
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Components may be visibly different
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Example: sand and water
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4. Properties of Matter
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Properties of matter – Attributes, qualities, or characteristics used to describe and identify matter.
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Physical Properties
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Can be observed or measured without changing the substance into a new substance.
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Examples:
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Color
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Shape
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Mass
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Volume
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Density
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Melting point
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Boiling point
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Hardness
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Chemical Properties
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Describe how a substance reacts or changes into another substance.
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Examples:
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Flammability
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Reactivity with acids
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Ability to rust
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Ability to burn
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5. Extensive vs. Intensive Properties
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Extensive Properties
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Depend on the amount of matter.
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Examples:
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Mass
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Volume
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Length
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Intensive Properties
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Do not depend on the amount of matter.
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Examples:
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Density
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Color
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Melting point
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Boiling point
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6. Special Properties of Matter
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Solids
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Luster – How shiny a surface is