ansc 3306: canine diseases

What is the normal Respiration Rate (inhalations/min) of a 1-2 week old puppy?

15-30

What is the normal Respiration Rate (inhalations/min) of a 4 week old puppy?

15-30

What is the normal Respiration Rate (inhalations/min) of an adult dog?

15-30

What is the normal Heart Resting Rate (beats per min, range/avg) a 1-2 week old puppy?

200-250/220

What is the normal Heart Resting Rate (beats per min, range/avg) of a 4 week old puppy?

70-220/200

What is the normal Heart Resting Rate (beats per min, range/avg) of an adult dog?

60-160/120

What is the normal Body Temp (ºF, range/avg) of a 1-2 week old puppy?

96-97/96.5

What is the normal Body Temp (ºF, range/avg) of a 4 week old puppy?

100-101/100.5

What is the normal Body Temp (ºF, range/avg) of an adult dog?

101-102.5/101.5

What is an abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism?

A disease

What is a disease?

A medical condition associated with specific clinical signs.

What are some examples of infectious agents?

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan, and parasites.

What are some examples of non-infectious agents?

Chemicals, toxins, malnutrition, injuries, and stress.

What are some signs of good health in a dog?

Contentment, good appetite, sleek coat and pliable and elastic skin, normal mucous membranes, and normal feces and urine.

What are some signs of disease in a dog?

Anorexia, poor/dry hair coat, thin or emaciated, diarrhea or mucous/blood in feces/vomiting, ocular/nasal discharge or 3rd eyelid protracted, dehydration, and seclusion.

What color are normal mucous membranes?

Pink

What color are pale mucous membranes and why are they pale?

White and caused by: anemia or blood shock.

What color are icteric mucous membranes and why are they icteric?

Yellow and caused by: elevated bilirubin in the blood, liver problems.

What color are cyanotic mucous membranes and why are they cyanotic?

Blue to purple and caused by: low oxygen in the blood.

What causes a protruding 3rd eyelid?

Dehydration

What pathogen causes Bordetellosis; Kennel Cough?

Bordetella bronchispetica

What disease has clinical signs of: Sneezing, coughing, and + or - nasal discharge?

Bordetellosis; Kennel Cough (Bordetella bronchispetica)

How is Bordetellosis; Kennel Cough (Bordetella bronchispetica) transmitted?

Aerosolization or airborne

What is the incubation period of Bordetella bronchispetica (Bordetellosis; Kennel Cough)?

5-10 days

What are some ways to treat Bordetellosis; Kennel Cough (Bordetella bronchispetica)?

Antibiotics, antihistamines, and + or - corticosteroids.

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Bordetellosis; Kennel Cough (Bordetella bronchispetica)?

True

What is a reverse sneeze in dogs?

A sudden, dramatic episode in dogs where they forcefully inhale air through their nose, creating a honking or snorting sound, often while extending their neck forward.

What pathogen causes Borreliosis; Lymes Disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

What disease has clinical signs of: Lameness or swelling of joints, depression, fever, and anorexia?

Borreliosis; Lymes Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)

How is Borreliosis; Lymes Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) transmitted?

Ixodes (deer) ticks, but they MUST be attached for a MAXIMUM of 24 hours.

What is a way to diagnose Borreliosis; Lymes Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)?

Serum blood tests to detect antibodies.

What are some ways to treatment Borreliosis; Lymes Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)?

Antibiotics

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Borreliosis; Lymes Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), but it is not very effective.

True

What are some symptoms of Lymes Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) in humans?

Characteristic skin rash, flu-like symptoms, and arthritis.

What pathogen causes Brucellosis?

Brucella canis

What disease has clinical signs of: infertility, testicular enlargement, abortion (45-60 days), uveitis, fever, discospondylitis, lameness, and lymphadenopathy?

Brucellosis (Brucella canis)

How is Brucellosis (Brucella canis) transmitted?

Breeding or contact with aborted tissues

What is the treatment and prognosis for Brucellosis (Brucella canis)?

Long term antibiotics and a guarded prognosis

T/F: Brucellosis (Brucella canis) is zoonotic, through aborted fluids and tissues, and causes undulant fever.

True

What pathogen causes Leptospirosis?

Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola

What disease has clinical signs of: fever, anorexia, muscle pain, icterus, abortion, and death?

Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola)

What systems does Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola) affect?

Renal (kidneys), hepatic (liver), and vascular.

What are the reservoir hosts of Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola)?

Rodents, raccoons, skunks, and opossums.

What are some incidental hosts of Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola)?

Dogs, cattle, and humans.

How is Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola) transmitted?

Shed in the urine and direct contact.

How are dogs at risk of getting Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola)?

They are exposed to surface water (hunting, working, and herding).

What are some ways to treat Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola)?

Antibiotics and supportive care

T/F: If there is too much kidney damage, due to Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola), there is NOT much that can be done.

True

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola).

True

T/F: Leptospirosis (Leptospira icterohemorrhagica or L. canicola) has zoonotic potential, through infected urine, causing flu-like symptoms and + or - icterus.

True

What viral pathogen causes Canine Distemper?

Morbillivirus

What disease has gastrointestinal clinical signs of: vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia?

Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus)

What disease has respiratory clinical signs of: nasal and ocular discharge, coughing, and fever.

Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus)

What disease has neurological clinical signs of: muscle twitching (myoclonus) and seizures?

Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus)

T/F: When you see, GI, respiratory, and neurological clinical signs, it guarentees Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus).

True

How is Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus) transmitted?

Inhalation of viral particles shed in secretions (chewing gum fits).

T/F: Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus) is extremely difficult to diagnose.

True

What is the only treatment available for Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus)?

Supportive care

What do survivors of Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus) experience?

Blindness, progressive weakness, seizures, behavioral changes, and "hard pad."

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus).

True

What resistant viral pathogen causes Canine Parvovirus?

Parvovirus

What disease has clinical signs of: anorexia, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, myocarditis, and death?

Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus)

What is the incubation period of Parvovirus (Canine Parvovirus)?

5-10 days

How is Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus) transmitted?

Ingestion

What are some treatments for Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus)?

Supportive care and IV fluids

What age of canines are affected by Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus)?

Puppies 6 weeks - 6 months (most susceptible)

What breed of canines are particularly susceptible for Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus)?

GSD's and Rottweilers

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus)?

True

What is the vaccine process for Canine Distemper and Parvovirus?

Start the vaccine in puppies aged 4-6 weeks, given every 3 weeks until they are 16 weeks old, and then vaccinate annually.

What is the pathogenesis of Canine Parvovirus (parvovirus)?

The parvovirus will invade the cells lining the small intestine, causing the lining to slough away, resulting in bloody diarrhea. Then, a secondary bacteria can invade, causing additional intestinal damage, resulting in septicemia or bacteremia.

What pathogen causes Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH)?

Canine Adenovirus type 1

Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1) is a rare, contagious disease that affects what?

The liver, kidney's, spleen, and lungs.

What disease has clinical signs of: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, nasal/ocular discharge, and corneal edema ("blue eyes")?

Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1)

How is Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1) transmitted?

Oronasal route and shed in urine.

What is the treatment for Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1)?

Supportive care

What vaccines are available for Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1)?

CAV-1 and CAV-2

What does the CAV-1 vaccine for, Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1), do?

Post vaccinal complications

What does the CAV-2 vaccine for, Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH) (Canine Adenovirus type 1), do?

Cross protection and safer

What viral pathogen causes Rabies; Hydrophobia?

Rhabdovirus

What is the Rhabdovirus shaped like?

A bullet

What does Rabies (Rhabdovirus) cause?

Acute, viral encephalomyelitis that affects all- warm blooded animals.

What species typically transmit Rabies (Rhabdovirus) to other animals?

Bats, skunks, foxes, and raccoons.

How is Rabies (Rhabdovirus) transmitted?

From a transfer of saliva through the skin, muscle, or mucous membranes (through a bite).

What is the incubation period of Rabies (Rhabdovirus)?

15 days to 6 months

What stage of Rabies (Rhabdovirus) has clinical signs of: behavioral/temperament changes?

Furious form

What stage of Rabies (Rhabdovirus) has clinical signs of: hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing, weakness, paralysis, hydrophobia, and death?

Paralytic or dumb form

How is Rabies (Rhabdovirus) diagnosed?

ONLY postmortem, by submitting a whole head, with the brain and spinal cord connected, to look for the bullet shaped virus, but NO defensive antemortem tests.

Is there a treatment available for Rabies (Rhabdovirus)?

No

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Rabies (Rhabdovirus).

True

T/F: Rabies (Rhabdovirus) is zoonotic to humans.

True

What viral pathogen causes Corona?

Coronavirus

What disease has clinical signs of: inapparent to severe vomiting and diarrhea?

Corona (coronavirus)

What are some treatments for Corona (coronavirus)?

Supportive care available, but questionable

T/F: There is a vaccine available for Corona (coronavirus), but it has a questionable efficacy.

True

What pathogen causes Canine Influenza "Dog Flu?"

Type A Influenza (H3N8)

What is Canine Influenza "Dog Flu" (Type A Influenza; H3N8)?

A contagious respiratory disease of dogs (that does not affect humans).

How did Canine Influenza "Dog Flu" (Type A Influenza; H3N8) start?

H3N8 (equine influenza), that jumped species from horses to dogs and in 2005 it was a newly emerging pathogen in the dog population.

What disease has clinical signs of: cough, runny nose, fever, pneumonia, with variable severity and a low mortality?

Canine Influenza "Dog Flu" (Type A Influenza; H3N8)

How is Canine Influenza "Dog Flu" (Type A Influenza; H3N8) transmitted?

Aerosolization through respiratory secretions (coughing and sneezing), fomites, but it is especially contagious in kennels and shelters.

What are some ways to diagnose Canine Influenza "Dog Flu" (Type A Influenza; H3N8)?

History and clinical signs and a nasal swab test (PCR, ELISA, virus isolation) to confirm.