Nuclear Stability

What is electrostatic forces

Forces which attracts opposite forces and repeal like forces

What is strong nuclear force

Forces which keep protons and neutrons inside the nucleus

What is a nucleon

protons and neutrons inside a nucleus

What is the job of a neutron

stabilizes nucleus by attracting nucleons through strong force

What makes a nucleus stable

right ratio of protons and neutrons

What is an unstable nuclide called

radioactive

What does belt of stability tell us

the ratio of protons and neutrons to make a nuclide stable

What is the ratio of neutrons and protons needed to make atomic numbers 20 or less stable

1 proton to 1 neutron ratio

What is stable after atomic number 83

nothing, no matter their neutrons to proton ratio

What do nuclides perfer

even number of protons and neutrons

What are the magic number

2,8,20,28,50,82,126

When something is neutron rich we use

Beta Decay

When something is neutron poor we use

electron capture (higher Z) and position emission (lower Z)

When something has a greater atomic number then 83 we use

alpha decay

Mass from reactants to products

Mass of reactant > Mass of products

Penetrating tier list from least to most

alpha, neutron, proton, electron, position, gamma ray

What is a gamma ray

high energy photon of light

What is a positron (quantum physics)

antiparticle of electron

What is the process of electron capture

when an electron is pulled into a nucleus from inner nucleus

What is the use of radiocarbon dating

to estimate the ages of items of organic origin

What methods are used to date older object

potassium-argon or uranium-lead

strong nuclear force vs electrostatic force

100 times stronger than electrostatic force

Stable odd protons: odd neutrons ratio exceptions

1:1, 3:3, 5:5, 7:7,

Odd numbers of protons and odd number of neurons gives

unstable nucleide

Doubly magic number example

Pb-208, it has 82 proton and 126 neutrons, doubly magic

ionizing

ability to ionize, opposite trend from penetrating

When does gamma ray appear

after nuclear fission and fusion

what leads to fission

nuclear bombarment

transmutation vs fussion

fusion the elements have to be light elements and relative equal in size and transmutation they fusion

When does fission happen

when atomic number is greater than 80

What happens in fission

nuclei split into other nuclei and emits one or more neutrons

nuclide

the atom’s nucleus (a region)