Evidence-Based Practice in Sports Medicine

Flashcards based on Evidence-Based Practice in Sports Medicine Lecture Notes

What is the definition of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Medicine according to Sackett et al. (2000)?

Integration of clinical expertise, patient values, and the best available evidence in healthcare decision-making.

What is the definition of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in Sport according to Coutts (2017)?

Integration of coaching expertise, athlete values, and the best relevant research evidence for day-to-day service delivery to athletes.

What are the key steps in the development process of Evidence-Based Practice?

Identify relevant research questions, evaluate evidence, implement evidence into practice, assess effectiveness, and continually re-evaluate.

What is the hierarchy of study types used in Evidence-Based Practice, from highest to lowest?

Meta-analysis, Systematic Reviews, Randomized Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, Expert Opinion.

What is a meta-analysis?

Statistical analysis combining results from multiple studies.

What are systematic reviews?

Answers specific research questions using systematic & explicit methodology.

What are narrative reviews?

Describes & discusses the state of science on a specific topic.

What are randomized controlled trials?

Experiments where participants are randomly assigned to different groups.

What are observational studies?

Studies where researchers observe subjects without manipulating variables.

What is expert opinion in the context of evidence-based practice?

Opinions from experts in the field.

What occurs during the Methodological Evaluation stage of development within evidence-based practice?

Evaluate methodological quality using defined criteria.

What occurs during the Synthesis of Evidence stage of development within evidence-based practice?

Compile an evidence table of studies of acceptable standard & identified relevant to a practical question.

What occurs during the Considered Judgement stage of development within evidence-based practice?

Judgement about the relevance & applicability of the evidence to the specific group of athletes.

What occurs during the Grading System stage of development within evidence-based practice?

Assign a grading to the recommendation according to the strength of the evidence.

What does a quality rating of (++ ) mean for individual studies?

Applies if all or most criteria from the checklist are fulfilled; conclusions unlikely to alter.

What does a quality rating of (+) mean for individual studies?

Applies if some criteria from the checklist are fulfilled; conclusions thought unlikely to alter.

What does a quality rating of (-) mean for individual studies?

Applies if few or no criteria from the checklist are fulfilled; conclusions likely or very likely to alter.

What defines a Level of Evidence of 1++?

High-quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low risk of bias.

What defines a Level of Evidence of 3?

Non-analytic studies, e.g., case reports, case series.

What defines a Level of Evidence of 4?

Expert opinion.

What is required for a Grade of Recommendation A?

At least one meta-analysis, systematic review, or RCT rated as 1++ and directly applicable to the target population.

What is required for a Grade of Recommendation D?

Evidence level 3 or 4. Extrapolated evidence from studies rated as 2+.

What is the general consensus regarding the effectiveness of Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC) as a recovery modality?

Insufficient and inconclusive evidence that WBC improves markers of recovery.

What are the considered judgements against using Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC)?

High monetary cost, need for a new building, maintenance costs, and time.

What is the graded recommendation for Whole-Body Cryotherapy (WBC) as a recovery modality based on the provided evidence?

D (insufficient evidence).

What are the top 5 most effective exercises to prevent non-contact injury?

Nordic, Glute activation, Core, Ham eccentric, Balance/proprioception.

What defines movement quality

Maintenance of correct posture & joint alignment in addition to balance while performing movement

What is the purpose of movement screening

Highlight poor movement

What are the effects of cold water immersion?

Decreased muscle & body temperature, reduced muscle damage, inflammation, heart rate & cardiac output, and peripheral vasoconstriction.

What is the recommended temperature range for cold water immersion?

10 – 15 °C.

What is the recommended duration for cold water immersion?

5 – 15 minutes depending on temperature.

When is the recommended timing for cold water immersion relative to exercise?

As soon as possible, 30 minutes post-exercise.

How long should one wait after cold water immersion before subsequent exercise?

45 minutes.

What is the significance of sleep in recovery and performance?

Importance of sleep for recovery & performance is clearly established.

What is the effect of hydrotherapy on training according to @YLMSportScience?

Hydrotherapy allows athletes subsequent training sessions with a greater training load or quality, thus resulting in an enhanced stimulus for adaptation.

What are the main differences between a practitioner and researcher approach to new information?

Practitioner: Immediate decision-making/assessment. Researcher: Quality control, exploratory, validation.

What are the preferred methods of disseminating research for practitioners and researchers?

Practitioners prefer conversations (one-on-one/group), Researchers prefer to disseminate research through peer-reviewed journal articles.

What are the barriers to Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)?

Financial costs, coach buy-in, time, non-applicable research, inability to transfer research, lack of staff, player compliance, etc.

What qualities are important for practitioners in evidence-based practice?

Excellent knowledge of sport, experience, communication skills, personal skills, approachable demeanor, etc.

What are the take-home messages regarding Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)?

EBP is not ONLY research evidence. Understand the EBP process. Understand ratings and recommendations – how do we develop rigor. Understand perceptions, context, and environment. Importance of communication and dissemination. Critique evidence – revise literature.