Respiratory/Gastrointestinal

No respiratory distress (Normal)

Mild/Moderate/Severe Respiratory Distress

Tachypnea

Accessory muscle use

Pursed lip breathing = emphysema (Abnormal)

• Investigated Visually

Clear to auscultation bilaterally (Normal)

Diminishes breath sounds (Abnormal)

Wheezes = asthma or emphysema

Rales (crackles) = pulmonary edema

Rhonchi = COPD, Pneumonia, bronchitis

• Investigated via auscultation to back

Soft (Normal) - Gastrointestinal

Distended (Abnormal)

• Investigated by palpitation to abdomen

Nontender (Normal)

Mild/Mod/Severe tenderness (Abnormal)

Guarding, Rebound, Rigidity = Peritoneal signs

• Investigated by palpitation to abdomen

Negative Murphy’s sign (Normal)

Positive Murphy’s sign - cholecystitis

• Investigates by palpitating specific place in RUQ

Negative McBurney’s point tenderness (Normal)

Positive McBurney’s point tenderness = appendicitis (Abnormal)

• Investigated by palpitating RLQ

Normal Bowel Sounds (Normal)

Absent/hypoactive/hyperactive bowel sound (Abnormal)

• Investigated via palpitation to abdomen

No Organomegaly (Normal)

Hepatomegaly

Splenomegaly (Abnormal)

• Investigated by palpitation to abdomen

No masses (Normal)

Abnormal masses (Abnormal)

• Investigated by palpitation to abdomen