Unit 12 - Middle Ages

Illuminated Manuscripts

^{Pages that shimmer with silver and gold}

Clergy

Authority in the church

Benedict

Monk who created rules for monks/nuns

Rules for monks/nuns

Obedience, poverty, chastity

Exocommunication

Out of church!

Interdiction

No church activity in a specific place

Why was church powerful?

Land, religion, rich, and not controlled by king

Code of chivalry

A set of rules governing the ethical conduct of knights

Age when knights began training

7, became a page

Age when knights started real training

12, became a squire

Political impact of feudalism

Knights would cause trouble because they had nothing to do

Social impact of feudalism

Everyone gave something in return for something else, lords and vassals were expected to treat each other with respect, and people of the lower class had a hard time climbing

Economic impact of feudalism

Self-sufficient manors, barter

Magna carta

A document signed in 1215 that limited the power of the king and established certain legal rights for nobles

Aspects of Magna Carta

Rule of law (limits power of king), due process, trial by jury, respect for economic rights

Charlemagne

Unified West and Central Europe (Frankish Empire)

Father of Europe

First great Renaissance

Vikings

Polytheistic → Christianity

Attacked during 9th and 10th centuries

Tribes led by Chieftains

Let to collapse of Frankish Empire

Church scholars

Literate, translated, and innovated

William the Conqueror (England)

Led Norman Conquest

Won Battle of Hastings

Unified Europe

Henry II (England)

Created common law system

King John (England)

Signed Magna Carta

100 Years War

England vs France

Patriotism and united each kingdom

Decline of Feudalism

People were willing to pay more for military

Hugh Capet (France)

Capetian family rule

United France

King Philip II (France)

Established France as capital

Joan of Arc (France)

Let and unified France in 100 Years War

Umayyad Dynasty (Spain)

Islamic dynasty in 8th century

Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain)

Completed Reconquista (Expelled Moors and Jews)

Reconquista (Spain)

Christian reconquering

Charles V (Spain)

Expanded Spain

Ivan the Great (Russia)

Centralized power in Moscow

Threw off Mongols

Orthodox Church (Russia)

Unifying factor

Why was Jerusalem important to Judaism?

Capital of Israel (by King David) and location of first temple

Why was Jerusalem important to Christianity?

Where Jesus performed miracles, was crucified, and rose to life

Why was Jerusalem important to Islam?

Where Muhammad rose to heaven

Pope Urban II

Called First Crusade

What was given in return for fighting in the crusades?

Forgiveness of sins

Who won most Crusades?

Muslims

Impacts of Crusades

Established Pope/Church as central authority

Peasants moved around

Lots of money used for fighting

Network of banks for pilgrims

Anti-Christian attitude in Muslim regions

Cultural diffusion between the two groups